Wednesday, November 27, 2019
Persuasive Speech Essays - Babycare, Diapers, Childrens Clothing
Persuasive Speech Title: The Harms of Disposable Diapers General Purpose: To Persuade Specific Purpose: To discourage the audience from using disposable diapers. Pattern of organization: Refutative I Introduction A) Survey says children. Would rather use disposable diapers. Nothing wrong with disposable. B) Well, in reality there are negative effects from using disposable diaper that can affect the environment and the health of you and your children. C) Do best for family D) Educate on the impact that producing, using, and disposing II Body A) Production impact 1) Environmental and health concerns right to doorstep. Chop down four or five trees to make 500 kg of fluffy wood pulp baby will use in 2 ? years. (Catherine McDiarmid, 1997 Environmental Concerns) Then you will need just for your child, over 2,800 cubic meters of nonrenewable natural gas to make 325 kg of plastic for the waterproof backing and packaging for the 6,000 disposable diapers your child will use. 2) (Jane McConnell, 1998, The Joy of Cloth Diapers) It takes about 82,000 tons of plastic and a quarter million trees to manufacture the disposable diapers that cover the bottoms of 90% of the babies born in the U.S. each year. 3) (The Canadian Cloth Diaper Association, 1997, The Facts: Cloth Versus Disposable Diapers) For the convenience of using disposable diapers, you are helping release wastewater produced by processing the pulp, paper and plastic that contains solvents, sludge, heavy metals, unreacted polymers, dioxins, and furans that will make their way into your neighborhood air and water. B) Health hazards 1) Forget environment, toxic chemicals and baby. (Candace Brecevic, 2000, Disposing of Disposables) Newborn skin has an underdeveloped outer layer, through which chemicals are more readily absorbed and into the fat cells. 2) (Jane McConnell, 1998, The Joy of Cloth Diapers) Disposable diapers subjects your babies skin to a chemical by-product of the paper bleaching process known as Dioxin. Trace quantities may exist in the diapers themselves and the chemical has been known to cause birth defects, liver damage, and skin diseases. 3) Babies exposed to questionable chemicals. Sodium polyacrylate (Jane McConnell, 1998, The Joy of Cloth Diapers) this is what makes superabsorbent diapers so absorbent. This material absorbs up to 100 times its weight in water. (Candace Brecevic, 2000, Disposing of Disposables) Studies show that when this chemical becomes wet it is even more absorbent and pulls moisture from baby's body. Sodium polyacrylate is the same substance that was removed from tampons in 1985 because of its link to toxic shock syndrome. No studies have been done on the long-term effects of this chemical being in contact with a baby's reproductive organs 24 hours a day for upwards of two years. 4) Feel dry when wet. Less frequent changing. Longer exposure to bacteria from urine, which can cause diaper rash or other bacterial infections. Plastic does not breath to let out the ammonia formed in the bacterial breakdown of urine. 5) With all the chemicals (2000, Disposable Diapers Linked to Asthma) A Study published in the October, 1999 issue of the Archives of Environmental Health found that laboratory mice exposed to various brands of disposable diapers suffered increased eye, nose, and throat irritation, including bronchoconstriction similar to that of an asthma attack. 6) Another issue is safety, (Candace Brecevic, 2000, Disposing of Disposables) some disposable diapers have been linked to suffocation. The plastic exterior of the diaper is removable to aid in disposal. However, it can be removed by your baby and can be as dangerous as letting them play with a plastic bag. The absorbent padding with the sodium polyacrylate can also be pulled apart by your baby and stuffed into their mouth and nose. To top it off, the sticky tabs are not always strongly attached and if removed may be ingested. C) Disposing of Disposables 1) Exposing child to questionable chemicals, bacterial infection, and suffocation. Remove t soiled diaper, flushing the human waste, throw in trash ( Catherine McDiarmid, 1997,Environmental Concerns) you will be adding 214 pounds of raw fecal matter into our landfill sites which are not designed to handle human waste. As many as 100 viruses can survive in your babies soiled diaper for up to two weeks, including live polio viruses, excreted from your recently vaccinated baby. Rainwater washing through dumps can carry these viruses into underground streams and from there
Sunday, November 24, 2019
Index to French Grammar and Pronunciation Glossary
Index to French Grammar and Pronunciation Glossary This index to the glossary of French grammar and pronunciation terms treated in our lessons provides definitions and links to further information about each of the French verb tenses, pronouns, and other grammatical structures weve discussed. It also includes information about various pronunciation issues. You can search for definitions by topic or by using the full alphabetical list in either English or French; all definitions are in English. Or you can get just the highlights: top grammar terms. English Index Aactive voiceadjectiveadverbadverbial pronounadverb of frequencyadverb of manneradverb of placeadverb of quantityadverb of timeagentagreementantecedentarticleauxiliary verbCclausecomparative adverbcognatecompound pastcompound tenseconditionalconditional perfectconditionalsconditional sentenceconjunctionconjugateconjugationcoordinating conjunctioncopular verbDdefinite articledemonstrative adjectivedemonstrative pronoundependent clausedescriptive adjectivedirect objectdirect object complementdirect object pronoundisjunctive pronoundummy subjectEeuphonyFfalse cognatefamiliarfeminineformalfuturefuture anteriorfuture perfectfuture subjunctiveGgenderHhelping verbhiatushistoric pasthistorical tenseIif-then clauseimperativeimperfectimperfect subjunctiveimpersonal pronounimpersonal verbindefinite articleindefinite adjectiveindefinite pronounindefinite relative pronounindependent clauseindicativeindirect objectindirect object complementindirect object pronouninfinitiveinflectioninformalinterro gative adjectiveinterrogative adverbinterrogative pronounintransitive verbinversionLliaisonlinkinglinking verbliterary registerliterary tenseMmain clausemasculinemoodNnarrative tensenear futurenegative adjectivenegative adverbnegative pronounnormal registernounnumberOobjectPparticiplepartitive articlepassive voicepast anteriorpast conditionalpast infinitivepast participlepast perfectpast perfect subjunctivepast subjunctiveperfect participlepersonpersonal pronounpersonal verbpluperfectpluperfect subjunctivepluralpossessive adjectivepossessive pronounprepositionpresentpresent participlepresent perfectpreteritepronominal verbpronominal voicepronounproper nounRreal subjectrecent pastregisterreflexive pronounreflexive verbrelative clauserelative pronounSsimple pastsimple tensesingularstate-of-being verbstressed pronounsubjectsubject pronounsubjunctivesubordinate clausesubordinating conjunctionsuperlative adverbTtensetransitive verbtrue cognateVverbverb conjugationvoicevulgar (register) French Index Aaccordadjectifadjectif dà ©monstratifadjectif descriptifadjectif indà ©finiadjectif interrogatifadjectif nà ©gatifadjectif possessifadverbeadverbe comparatifadverbe de frà ©quenceadverbe de lieuadverbe de manià ¨readverbe de quantità ©adverbe de tempsadverbe interrogatifadverbe nà ©gatifadverbe superlatifagentantà ©cà ©dentapparentà ©argotiquearticlearticle dà ©finiarticle indà ©finiarticle partitifauxiliaireCCODCOIcomplà ©ment dobjet directcomplà ©ment dobjet indirectconditionnelconditionnel passà ©conjonctionconjonction de coordinationconjonction de subordinationconjugaisonconjuguercopuleDdà ©sinenceEenchaà ®nementeuphonieFfamilierfaux amifà ©mininformelfuturfutur antà ©rieurfutur passà ©futur procheGgenreHhiatusIimparfaitimparfait du subjonctifimpà ©ratifindicatifinfinitifinfinitif passà ©inversionLliaisonlittà ©raireMmasculinmodemot apparentà ©Nnomnom proprenombrenormalOobjetobjet directobjet indirectPparticipeparticipe passà ©participe prà ©sentpassà © antà ©rieurpassà © composà ©passà © composà © du participe prà ©sentpassà © rà ©centpassà © simplepersonnephrase de conditionplurielplus-que-parfaitplus-que-parfait du subjonctifpopulaireprà ©positionprà ©sentprà ©tà ©ritpronompronom adverbialpronom dà ©monstratifpronom disjointpronom impersonnelpronom indà ©finipronom indà ©fini relatifpronom interrogatifpronom nà ©gatifpronom objet directpronom objet indirectpronom personnelpronom possessifpronom rà ©flà ©chipronom relatifpronom sujetpropositionproposition conditionnelleproposition dà ©pendanteproposition indà ©pendanteproposition principaleproposition relativeproposition subordonnà ©eproposition subordonnà ©e relativeRregistreSsi clausesinguliersubjonctifsubjonctif futursubjonctif passà ©sujetsujet apparentsujet rà ©elTtempstemps composà ©temps de la narrationtemps historiquetemps littà ©rairetemps simpleVverbeverbe auxiliaireverbe copulatifverbe impersonnelverbe intransitifverbe pronominalverbe rà © flà ©chiverbe transitifvoixvrai amivulgaire Topic Index Adjectives   demonstrative adjective   descriptive adjective   indefinite adjective   interrogative adjective   negative adjective   possessive adjectiveAdverbs   adverbial pronoun   adverb of frequency   adverb of manner   adverb of place   adverb of quantity   adverb of time   comparative adverb   interrogative adverb   negative adverb   superlative adverbAgreement   gender   number   adjectives   articles   pronounsClauses   dependent clause   if-then clause   independent clause   main clause   relative clause   subordinate clauseConjunctions   coordinating conjunction   subordinating conjunctionObjects   object   direct object   direct object complement/pronoun   indirect object   indirect object complement/pronoun   intransitive verb   transitive verbParts of speech   adjective   adverb   article   conjunction   noun   preposition   pronoun   verbPronouns   adverbial pronoun   demonstrative pronoun   direct object pronoun   disjunctive pronoun   impersonal pronoun   indefinite pronoun   indefinite relative pronoun   interrogative pronoun   negative pronoun   personal pronoun   possessive pronoun   pronominal verb   reflexive pronoun   relative pronoun   stressed pronoun   subject pronounPronunciation   cognate   euphony   hiatus   liaison   linkingVerbs* conjugate/conjugation       inflection       mood       numberÂ à ‚      person       tense       voice* compound tense       auxiliary/helping verb       compound past       conditional perfect       future anterior/perfect       past conditional       past perfect subjunctive       past subjunctive       past anterior       past infinitive       past perfect       pluperfect       pluperfect subjunctive       present perfect* historical/literary/narrative tense       historic past       past anterior       imperfect subjunctive       pluperfect subjunctive* inversion* mood       conditional       imperative       indicative       infinitive       participle       subjunctive* participle       past participle       perfect participle       present participle* simple tense       conditional       future       future subjunctive       historic past       imperative       imperfect       imperfect subjunctive       present       preterite       simple past       subjunctive* types of verbs       copular verb       impersonal verb       intransitive verb       pronominal/reflexive verb       transitive ver bMiscellaneous   agent   antecedent   conditional / conditional sentence   proper noun   register   subject   - dummy subject   - real subject
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Stock Market Project - Family Dollar Stores Inc Essay
Stock Market Project - Family Dollar Stores Inc - Essay Example Company Information The Family Dollar Stores Inc was opened in 1959 and is now operating more than 6000 stores across the country. Its one of the largest regional based chains in US engaged in the retail business across the different states in the country. The firm is basically considered as a preference by the consumers who are willing to save on their groceries and other retail items. Though not all the items are sold under $1 however, the overall prices are reasonable and considered as affordable by most of the consumers. Major products of the firm include clothing, food and other household items. Firm is a regional business with little or no presence in other countries of the world however, it has achieved tremendous growth in its domestic market by regularly opening new stores across the country. Firm is reseller and sell retail items such durable and non-durable consumer goods. Competitors’ Overview and Industry Trends Major competitors of the firm include Wal-Mart, Doll ar Generation Corporation as well as Dollar Tree Inc. Wal-Mart is quite bigger in the size with international presence in different countries of the world. However, Wal-Mart is a not a typical dollar store though it offers low priced products to its customers. Other competitors are more or less same in size of the firm and are serving different niche markets. (Hoovers, 2011) Industry trends suggest that personal income as well as the fashion trends will be the dominating factors in clothing and other retail segments. Due to the current economic crisis, the overall purchasing power of the consumers has declined thus restricting the consumers to spend lavishly. Financial Analysis The overall operating margin of the firm is over 7% with profit margin in the range of 4.5% during the current period of 2010. Sales for the period ending August 2010 showed an increase of 6.3% despite the fact that the overall economic situation of the country was not feasible due to current economic crisis. Recent figures for the quarter also suggest that the firm has been able to record a return on equity of 28.70% with total return on assets of approximately 13%. This performance suggest that the firm has been able to perform well during the period and consistently recorded better performance despite difficult economic situation prevailing in the country. Stock’s Performance Analysis Firm has a total market capitalization of more than $6 Billions with 122 millions shares outstanding. Past 52 weeks range of prices suggest that the firm has hit the high value of $55.590 whereas the lowest price during the same period was recorded at $35.31. (Bloomberg, 2011). It is also important to note that the firm has been able to withstand the poison pill by rejecting the takeover bid from Peltz Train. (Burritt, 2011) A closer analysis of the firm’s stock performance would suggest that the overall share prices of the firm’s stock fluctuated over the period of time. During the first few years from 2003, the overall prices gradually increased while facing a dip in the prices during 2006. (Yahoo Finance, 2011). It is also important to note that the share prices of the firm remained stable during the current financial crisis despite the fact that overall consumer activity was low. This may however, be attributed to the fact that firm is considered as cheap chain store offering low cost products to
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Effective Team and Performance Management Essay - 5
Effective Team and Performance Management - Essay Example 362). Therefore, an organization must always look for ways of bringing together all the departments to ensure that the specific goals and objectives are achieved. According to Furnham et al, (1993, p. 245-257), in an organization setting, the sources of conflict are varied. Many conflicts are related to psychological factors such as wrong attitudes towards accomplishing given tasks. Some members will normally not co-operate in various areas of an organization due to psychological factors that they pose. Some members may also have emotional problems which will be expressed at most times while the employees are working together. For example, some may show signs of ranging temper, some resentment while others become indifferent during moments of team work. They may not be able to bring forth their ideas with ease, hindering team work. There are also several behavioral practices that work contrary to team work (Kaplan & Miller 1987, p. 346-360). For example, some members may withdraw fro m the team, others choosing to choose the team members that they would want to work with. This will obviously hinder cooperation in the organization. Leadership plays a key role in the achievement of team work within the corporate world. A leader is any individual who is able to influence the employees towards a specific direction. Leadership may come from any level or department within an organizations setting (Kaplan & Miller 1987, p. 346-360). It is important that appropriate leadership is given, so that all the employees move towards the same direction. In this report, I reflect on various activities that have we have undertaken as a group, in the bid to learn more on the topic of team work. I use the tasks to understand how well team work can be accomplished within an organization. The outcomes of the teamwork within our group indicate the issues that surround cooperation and cohesion within the organizations. Reflection of various the tasks undertaken During our class work, we were called upon to take various tasks as groups. They would either be seminar activities or weekly activities. One of these activities included the egg flying contest. In this case, I and other team members were called upon to use all the resources that were available to ensure that an egg would not breaking after being dropped from a height of 2 meters. Several resources were availed to us, which included: six straws, one balloon, three elastic buds six cotton buds, and four papers; each one and a half centimeters. The task ahead was to be able to put our minds together and see how the materials available to us were of use. The team members had to use the resources ahead of them with a lot of care. The resources were limited, yet the given task had to be accomplished. There was need for the team to give way for a leader, one who everybody would listen to and who would give direction on how exactly to use the materials to accomplish the task ahead. In such a moment, most members f eared to fail, they wanted to be correct and perform the task to success. Therefore, a strong leader, one who would take into considerate the task ahead was needed. Our next exercise involved investigation of Cambridge crime. In this case, the team was supposed to investigate a crime scene that had happened in the nearby location. The accurate information in such a scenario was of great
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11
Management - Essay Example Mergers of existing power player like Vodafone and Hochstein also made the situation more vulnerable for entrants, thus making them mighty and unbeatable. For better hold on coverage, working in collaboration with government is highly beneficial for entrants (ZDNet Australia). Due to substantial growth in the industry over a decade, industry has reached a level of saturation. Therefore, there is a considerable decline in prices and rise in number of buyers. They include kids from 12 years of age to adults 0f 60 years. Buyers are driving force for providers; in order to keep them loyal Miller Ltd. needs to provide and edge in price for competitive advantage. Mobile service industry in Australia is multiple sectors. In a flourishing industry like Australian telecommunication, monopoly can’t survive is today’s market. Market is diverse which include manufacturing of hardware, carriage service providers (CSPs), content service providers and retailers. The report by Economic access and ATMA briefly describe the market. Ericsson Australia, Nokia Siemens and Alcatel-Lucent are infrastructure provider in hardware sector. Nokia, Samsung, LG, i-Mate have market in consumer goods. CSPs provide services by utilizing carrier network infrastructure and have different levels; mobile telecommunication carriers in Australia are; Telstra, Vodafone, Optus, and Hutchison’s ‘3’ and Orange. Resellers services include; Primus Mobile, AAPT, Virgin mobile, B Digital, DigiPlus, Sim Plus, People TelecomM8 Telecom and Dodo Mobile. MVNOs or Mobile Virtual Network Operators are basically wholesalers and provide value adding services.B Digital, Revolution, People telecom Primus Telecom and Boost Mobile are a few to name. Content service providers, aggregators and program developers are other dimensions of service providers; Legion Interactive, Touch and Infospace are main content aggregators. CSPs have their own retailers like Hutchison ’s ‘3’ but other
Friday, November 15, 2019
False Positives In Presumptive Blood Testing Biology Essay
False Positives In Presumptive Blood Testing Biology Essay Blood is a fluid medium that is found within the cardiovascular system-which comprises of the heart and blood vessels (Jackson and Jackson 2008). It consists of 55% blood plasma and 45% cellular material (Jackson and Jackson 2008). Blood plasma consists of dissolved materials such as antibodies, hormones, waste products and nutrients, whereas the cellular material consists of erythrocytes (red blood cells), leucocytes (white blood cells) and thrombocytes (platelets) (Jackson and Jackson 2008). Blood is transported through the body by the pumping action of the heart. It has numerous functions including (Jackson and Jackson 2008): Acting as an internal transport system-including the removal of waste products for excretion and moving nutrients for metabolism. Maintaining body temperature. Defending against infection. Protecting the body from effects of injury. Blood is one of main sources of DNA found at crime scenes, and is crucially important in establishing a link between a suspect and a victim of a crime (Jackson and Jackson, 2008). To detect the presence of blood at a crime scene, a presumptive test is used. These can, however, only detect whether a substance is blood and cannot distinguish between human and animal blood-a serological test is needed to do this. The Erythrocytes (red blood cells) are the most common type of blood cell and contain haemoglobin (Jackson and Jackson 2008). They contain haemoglobin- a protein containing iron. Haemoglobin is responsible for the carriage of oxygen, and it is this property that presumptive blood tests are based on. Most of the presumptive tests rely on the ability of haemoglobin to catalyse the oxidation of a reagent, normally hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 (aq)) (Jackson and Jackson 2008). The result of oxidation normally produces a colour change in the presumptive test. Tiny amounts of blood present as a scene can be detecting using a colour change test. Some old and dried stains look similar in appearance to blood which can lead to a scenes of crime officer conducting a presumptive test. Other substances that could have contaminated suspected blood or other substances on their own at a scene could lead to a presumptive blood test incorrectly showing a positive result for blood. This is known as a false positive. Once a stain has been determined as blood, then two processes must be completed. The first is to interpret any bloodstain patterns, so that a reconstruction of events can be established (Langford et al 2005). Secondly, bloodstains must then be recovered for further analysis (Langford et al 2005). Recovery of bloodstains varies according to whether the stain is wet or dry. Once recovered, the blood can then be sent to a Forensic Science Service laboratory, where it will be initially tested to ascertain whether it is human or animal blood. To do this a serological test will be conducted, which involves identifying the presence of proteins specific to humans and analysing for DNA sequences specific to humans (Jackson and Jackson 2008). The blood will then be used for DNA profiling, which will hopefully establish whether the blood belongs to the suspect or the victim. I.II Aims and Objectives The aim of my project is to create a definitive list of false positives for four different presumptive blood tests. Within this aim I have six objectives to complete: To compare the false positives of four different presumptive tests. To test substances that are known false positives- as reported by other authors. To test unknown substances allied to those already known. To record the time taken for a substance to react with a presumptive test. To photograph the results of from each substance. To create a definitive list of false positives for each presumptive test. I am going to compare four different presumptive tests, as some tests are more practical to use in some situations than others. Consequently, analysing more than one test will allow a wider range of results. I shall also be testing known false positives as reported by other authors, as it is important to show how the presumptive tests react. Unknown substances allied to those that are known will then be tested to see whether similar substances react alike. This will then allow me to establish whether an unknown substance has reacted or not, as I can compare the reaction times and colour changes from both the known and unknown substances. It is important to record the time taken for a substance to react with a presumptive test, as blood should show a result straight away. An unobvious result that takes time to develop could indicate that the substance being tested is a false positive. Photographing results will allow me to document the differences in the colour change in each reaction with each substance. I feel that it is important to create a definitive list of false positives as it can reduce the risk of using valuable resources at a crime scene. For example, if a scenes of crime officer is informed that a possible blood stain has been contaminated with horseradish (a known false positive), then they can use a presumptive test for blood that is not known to produce a false positive with horseradish. If the result is positive for blood, then serological tests for blood can be carried out. Overall, I hope that this project will aid the work of a scenes of crime officer to choose the correct presumptive test to use in different situations-minimising time spent and resources used. Chapter II. Literature Review II.I Background Information The scientific analysis of blood was initially mentioned in 13th century Chinese texts, but it was Karl Landsteiner who discovered the modern science of blood typing, which categorises different types of blood into the ABO blood typing system (White 2010). In 1901 it was reported that blood could be determined in two week old serum stains on linen, and by 1902 the four blood types A, B, O and AB had been discovered (White 2010). This system is based on types of antigen on the red blood cells membrane. An antigen is a protein molecule capable of binding on to an antibody (Erzinà §lioglu 2004). The ABO system uses two antigens which are known as A and B; and the four blood groups are determined according to this system (Erzinà §lioglu 2004). People that have the blood group A have the A antigen, those that are group B have the B antigen; those in the AB category have both antigens and those who belong to the O group have neither antigen (Erzinà §lioglu 2004). A persons blood contai ns the opposite group of corresponding antibodies, so people with blood group A have b antibodies, people with blood group B have a antibodies, those with blood group AB have neither a or b antibodies and those with blood group O have both a and b antibodies (Erzinà §lioglu 2004). If the wrong antibodies are introduced into the wrong blood group then death can be a result due to the red cells clumping together. The first suspect to have been convicted largely on the basis of DNA analysis of blood samples was found guilty at Leicester Crown Court on 22nd January 1988 (White 2010). This case marks an important milestone, and DNA technology has become commonplace in forensic laboratories and is now instrumental in establishing both guilt and innocence in court cases (White 2010). II.II Physical Properties of Blood Blood constitutes about 7.7% of the body weight of a person (White 2010). This equates to 5-6 litres in males and 4-5 litres in females (Tortora and Anagnostakos 1987). Viscosity is resistance to flow, which in fluids is compared to water which has a viscosity of 1. (Bevel and Gardner 2002). Blood viscosity usually ranges between 4.4 and 4.7 (Tortora and Anagnostakos 1987). Blood also has a higher specific gravity (density) than water, which is the weight of a substance relative to the weight of an equal volume of water (James and Nordby 2005). Blood is a fluid that circulates throughout the body by way of the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries-known as the circulatory system (James and Nordby 2005). A primary function of blood is to transport oxygen, electrolytes, nourishment, hormones, vitamins and antibodies to tissues and to transport waste products from tissues to the excretory organs (James and Nordby 2005). Tortora and Anagnostakos (1987) (in Bevel and Gardner 2002) say that when 4-6 litres of blood is present in the circulatory system, it is distributed as follows: Figure 1- Blood Distribution in the Circulatory System (Tortora and Anagnostakos 1987) As a medium, blood is composed of 55% plasma and 45% cells (White 2010). A single drop or large volume of blood is held together by strong cohesive molecular forces that produce a surface tension (James and Nordby 2005). Surface tension is defined as the force that pulls the surface molecules of a liquid toward its interior, decreasing the surface area and causing the liquid to resist penetration (James and Nordby 2005). Bevel and Gardner (2002) state that plasma is the pale yellow fluid component of blood, which is broken down by volume into 91% water, 8% protein, 1% organic acids and 1% salts. Fibrinogen is one of the proteins, and this plays an important role in the clotting of blood (Bevel and Gardner 2002). Blood serum is blood plasma minus its protein content (Jackson and Jackson 2008). The cellular component of blood consists of erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells) and thrombocytes (platelets) (Bevel and Gardner 2002). Red blood cells are heavier than plasma, which can be seen in bodies as lividity-which is where red cells settle to the lowest extremity of a body after death (Chmiel and Walitza 1980). http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301images/Red_White_Blood_cells.jpg Figure 2- A red blood cell, platelet and white blood cell (University of Eastern Kentucky 2010). There are roughly 4.8 to 5.4 million red blood cells per cubic millimetre of blood (Tortora and Anagnostakos 1987). They are bioconcaved discs in shape. The main role of the red blood cells is to transport oxygen from the lungs via the arterial system and return carbon dioxide to the lungs for expiration via the venous system (James and Nordby 2005). Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which is a red pigment that gives blood its colour (Bevel and Gardner 2002). Haemoglobin is composed of globin, which is made up of four folded polypeptide chains, and four haem groups that join with iron (University of Eastern Kentucky 2010). http://www.ul.ie/~childsp/CinA/Issue64/Images/TOC36_2.gif Figure 3- Haemoglobin, containing four haem groups (University of Limerick, 2010). As the oxygen content increases in the blood, the bright red pigment of the haemoglobin also increases (Bevel and Gardner 2002). A red blood cell does not contain a nucleus. Red blood cells are expressed as a percentage of the packed (red) cell volume (PCV), also known as the haematocrit (Wonder 2001). Nelson and Rodak (1983) state that the haematocrit in humans is variable between individuals. Haematocrit Possible people with range of haematocrit 15-29% Chronic alcoholics or drug abusers, steroid abusers, women after traumatic child birth or illegal abortion, malnourished homeless, elderly. 30-48% Normal range for nontraumatic venipuncture (blood drawn in a clinic or hospital) samples. 49-75% Dehydrated individuals, people in shock, those living at high altitude, impending and active heart attack victims, newborn babies, people suffering from hypothermia, and people after extreme exercise. Table 1- Table to show the range of haematocrit ratios (Wonder 2001). White blood cells act to fight infections, destroy old cellular material and to destroy other invading microbes (Bevel and Gardner 2002). White blood cells can be further subdivided into phagocytes which are responsible for the capture and ingestion and foreign substances, and lymphocytes- which are responsible for the production of antibodies (Jackson and Jackson 2008). They make up less than 1% of the cellular component of blood, which equates to 5000 to 9000 white blood cells per cubic millimetre (Tortora and Anagnostakos 1987). The nuclei of white blood cells are the source of DNA in the blood (James and Nordby 2005). The other part of the cellular component of blood is the platelets. Like red blood cells, platelets also lack a nucleus (Bevel and Gardner 2002). Bevel and Gardner (2002) say that there are generally about 250,000 to 400,000 platelets per cubic millimetre of blood. Platelets are major components of the clotting mechanism of blood, and this is their primary function (James and Nordby 2005). Platelets have irregular shapes and are normally quite small, however when they encounter a damaged blood vessel they increase their size and their shapes changes (Bevel and Gardner 2002). They also become sticky and adhere to surrounding fibres in the vessel wall, which results in the accumulation of platelets called the platelet plug (Bevel and Gardner 2002). II.III Blood at a Crime Scene Blood is normally found at a crime scene due to a person sustaining an injury either by accident or on purpose. When a breach in the circulatory system occurs- due to an injury- the body reacts in different ways to control the loss of blood (Bevel and Gardner 2002). Initially the vascular spasm occurs, which is which the smooth vessels in the blood vessel wall contract to decrease the size of the vessel, which reduces the flow of blood through it (Bevel and Gardner 2002). Tortora and Anagnostakos (1987) say that this reduces blood loss for up to 30 minutes following injury, which gives time for the other blood loss mechanisms to engage. The platelet plug then follows which reduces, if not stops, the blood loss (Bevel and Gardner 2002). The final step is coagulation, or clotting. This is what is normally seen at crime scenes, where the clotted mass of fibrin fibres and blood cells is surrounded by blood serum (Bevel and Gardner 2002). There are three types of bleeding that can occur from damage to blood vessels (BUPA 2009): Arterial Bleeding Venous Bleeding Capillary Bleeding. Arterial bleeding usually is spurting bright red blood, due to the blood having come from the heart and lungs-so it is oxygen rich (Walter et al 2004). The pumping action of the heart adds rhythmic surges to move blood vessels away from the heart (Wonder 2001). It is the most serious type of bleeding, and the most difficult to control due to the blood in the arteries being under pressure from the heart (Walter et al 2004). Arterial wounds results in volume stains (Wonder 2001). Loss from the carotid artery or the aorta can rapidly lead to death (Wonder 2001). Examples of arterial injuries, and how they may occur are listed in Table 2. Artery Location Probable Occurrence Facial Mouth/lips Beating Temporal Head/temples Gunshot, Crushing Carotid Neck, front throat Stab wound, Gunshot, Decapitation Subclavian Under collar bone Gunshot, Crushing Aorta Chest Gunshot, Stab wound Brachial Arm/elbow Bone break Radial Wrist Slit wrists, Bone Break, Stab wound Femoral Groin Gunshot, Stab wound Tibial Ankle Bone Break, Crushing Deltoid Upper arm muscle Stab wound Table 2- Areas and actions that may involve arterial damage (Wonder 2001) External venous bleeding is normally as a result of wounding, as veins are closer to the skin than arteries (Walter et al 2004). It results in the steady flow of dark red (almost brown) blood, and is darker than arterial blood as it has released oxygen to the tissues in the body and is flowing back to the heart and lungs for more oxygen (Walter et al 2004). Capillary wounding is common in minor wounds as capillaries are very small vessels that are under very little pressure with a low volume of blood (Walter et al 2004). Capillary bleeding results in the oozing of either bright or dark red blood, which will normally stop on its own (Walter et al 2004). As well as the three main types of bleeding, there is a further category which is traumatic bleeding. There are different types of wounds which can cause traumatic bleeding, and these can be categorised as follows: Abrasion- also known as a graze, where an object brushes on the skin but does not break it. Hematoma- where blood vessels are damaged, causing blood to collect under the skin. Laceration- where a blunt impact to soft tissue causes a deep wound. Incision- where a precise cut is made into the skin. Puncture Wound- where an object penetrates the skin and deeper layers. Contusion- also known as a bruise, where a blunt trauma causes damage under the skin, but does not break it. Crushing injuries- where a great amount of force is applied over a period of time, causing initially internal bleeding. Ballistic trauma- where a projectile weapon has entered and exited the area of the body, causing a wound between the two. Scenes of Crime officers attend many types of crime scene where blood is present. These include: Burglary- When an offender breaks a glass window or door to gain entry to a premises, they risk cutting their hands/arms. This leads to blood being left on fragments of glass in the window and on the floor. Assault/Wounding- Open wounds are normally the result of an attack on a victim. Blood can be left at an assault scene on the weapon that was used in the assault, on the ground, on the offender and on the victim. If the victim is bleeding heavily then blood will be left whenever the victim comes into contact with another surface. Manslaughter/Attempted Murder/Murder- Blood left at these scenes is not only important for swabbing purposes, but the pattern in which the blood is left can determine the order of events at a major scene. Road Traffic Crash- Blood at this scene can be found in the victims car and, if involved, the offenders car. This is important as it can place people in their respective cars- allowing investigators to work out the positions of people at the time of the incident. The collection, packaging and preservation of blood evidence at a crime scene should not take place until the scenes of crime officer has documented the bloodstain patterns (Lee, Palmbach and Miller 2001). Whenever biological fluids are encountered at a crime scene, protective clothing, gloves and masks should be worn due to the biohazard nature of blood (Lee, Palmbach and Miller 2001). To recover dry blood, an area near the blood that is unstained should be swabbed using a sterile swab, as a control sample (Derbyshire Constabulary 2008). Then, the stain should be swabbed using a sterile swab that has been moistened using sterile water (Derbyshire Constabulary 2008). The remains of the stain should then be dry swabbed using a sterile swab (Derbyshire Constabulary 2008). The swabs should be returned to their tubes immediately and stored frozen as soon as possible (Derbyshire Constabulary 2008). A batch control of both the water and swabs should always be made, and should be exhibited separately to the swabbed stain and background control (Derbyshire Constabulary 2008). Items that have areas of dried blood on them should be packaged in paper bags which are sealed securely and clearly marked as biohazard. Blood and bloodstained evidence should never be packaged in airtight containers (Lee, Palmbach and Miller 2001). To recover wet blood, a control swab of the surrounding area of the stain should be taken using a sterile swab (Derbyshire Constabulary 2008). The wet stain should then be swabbed using a dry, sterile swab (Derbyshire Constabulary 2008). The swabs should be returned to their tubes immediately, and should be stored frozen as soon as possible (Derbyshire Constabulary 2008). Again, a batch control of the swab should be exhibited separately (Derbyshire Constabulary 2008). If a removable item has an area of wet blood on it, then the entire object should be exhibited and left to dry in a drying room at the police station. Often at crime scenes, stains that are composed of unknown substances can easily be confused with blood. Identifying whether a substance is blood allows further analysis to confirm species, and the individual (Spalding 2006). II.IV Presumptive Tests for Blood James and Nordby (2005) say that a presumptive test is one which allows the scenes of crime officer to make a qualified conclusion that blood is present in the tested sample, when positive. They also say that when a test is negative, stains that need no further consideration are eliminated. Presumptive tests may be recognised as those that produce a visible colour reaction or those that result in the release of light (James and Nordby 2005). Both of these rely on the catalytic properties of blood to drive the reaction (James and Nordby 2005). Lee, Palmbach and Miller (2001) write this as a chemical reaction: AH2 + H2O2 Æ’Â A + 2H2O Oxidisable chemical Hydrogen peroxide Haeme Oxidised (colourless) (peroxidise) James and Nordby (2005) state that catalytic tests involve the chemical oxidation of a chromogenic substance by an oxidising agent catalyzed by the presence of blood. They also say that the catalyst of the reaction is the peroxidise-like activity of the haeme group of haemoglobin. Cox (2004) describes the attributes that a good presumptive test for blood should be sensitive, specific, quick, simple and safe. In order for presumptive tests for blood to function properly, they must detect a component of blood (Tobe, Watson and Daà ©id 2007). Most presumptive tests therefore act on the peroxidise activity of haemoglobin. This component is not found in the everyday environment, but other substances found in items such as fruit and vegetables perform a similar function (Tobe, Watson and Daà ©id 2007). A very popular presumptive method is the phenolphthalein test, which is also known as the Kastle- Meyer test (Virkler and Lednev 2009). Lee, Palmbach and Miller (2001) say that the Kastle-Meyer test was introduced in 1901 by Kastle. Phenolphthalein will cause an alkaline solution to turn pink after it has been oxidised by peroxide when blood is present (Spalding 2006). The reagent consists of reduced phenolphthalein in alkaline solution, which is oxidised by peroxide in the presence of haemoglobin (James and Nordby 2005). The test result is normally immediate, and a positive result a minute or more after the test is performed is usually not considered as reliable (James and Nordby 2005). It has a sensitivity of 1:100,000 (Lee, Palmbach and Miller 2001). James and Nordby (2005) say that Adler and Adler in 1904 investigated the reduced or colourless form (leuco) of the dye malachite green, which is also referred to as McPhails reagent. This test involves the Leuco base of malachite green (Lillie 1969). Leucomalachite Green oxidation is catalyzed by haeme to produce a green colour (James and Nordby 2005). The reaction is usually carried out in an acid medium with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidiser (James and Nordby 2005). It has a sensitivity of 1: 20,000 (Lee, Palmbach and Miller 2001). Bluestar is a luminol preparation developed by Professor Loic Blum in France that is extremely sensitive and stable and produces a very bright, long lasting chemiluminescence (James and Nordby 2005). The extreme sensitivity of Bluestar Forensic allows detections of bloodstains down to 1:10,000 dilutions (Bluestar Forensic 2004). It does not require total darkness to be visible, and works well on either fresh blood or old bloodstains (Bluestar Forensic 2004). Bluestar works by mixing the Bluestar Forensic solution with Bluestar Forensic tablets, which is then left to dissolve. This is sprayed onto the area of suspected blood. A positive result will cause a bluish luminescence (Bluestar Forensic 2004). The Hemastix test, created by Miles Laboratories in 1992, is particularly useful when solutions can be hazardous, or inconvenient (James and Nordby 2005). The test consists of a plastic strip with a reagent treated filter tab at one end (James and Nordby 2005). The tab contains TMB, diisopropylbenzene, dihydroperoxide, buffering materials and non reactants (James and Nordby 2005). A bloodstain is tested by moistening a swab with distilled water, sampling the stain, and touching the swab onto the reagent tab on the strip (James and Nordby 2005). The tab is normally yellow, and turns form orange to green or blue when positive. Quality control testing is necessary and should be completed with known blood samples on every new batch of test reagents to verify that the reagents are working as expected (Lee, Palmbach and Miller 2001). II.V False Positives Sutton (1999) points out that a false positive is an apparent positive test result obtained with a substance other than blood. James and Nordby (2005) say that misleading results can be attributed to Chemical oxidants (often producing a reaction before the application of peroxide) Plant materials (vegetable peroxidises are thermolabile) Materials of animal origin (that contain traces of blood). Substances that produce false positives generally take detectably longer to react and, therefore, may be eliminated through observational interpretation (Tobe, Watson and Daà ©id 2007). False positives were initially noted only with copper salts (Glaister 1926). Tobe, Watson and Daà ©id (2007) state that saliva, semen, potato, tomato, tomato sauce, tomato sauce with meat, red onion, red kidney bean, horseradish, 0.1 ascorbic acid, 5% bleach, 10% cupric sulphate, 10% ferric sulphate and 10% nickel chloride are all known false positives. Bluestar False Positives (2008) say that Bluestar has false positives that include oil based paint, alkyd varnish, turnip, banana, leek, green bean, carrot, ginger, manganese sulphate, copper sulphate, iron sulphate and potassium permanganate. Lee, Palmbach and Miller (2001) write that many household cleaning products contain oxidising agents that can produce false positives. Many fruit and vegetables produce false positives including apples, horseradish and broccoli (Lee, Palmbach and Miller 2001). Bleach is a false positive that provides an (immediate and intense reaction) according to Gardner (2005). Hunt et al (1960) say that faeces often gave a false positive depending on the food that had been eaten previously. Ponce and Pascual (1999) state that lemon juice added to a bloodstain can cause a positive result due to its acidity. A false negative is when there is some interference with the oxidation-reduction reaction, normally in the presence of a strong reducing agent, which results in a delay of the oxidation reaction; thus resulting in a coloured formation (Lee, Palmbach and Miller 2001). False negatives are less common but problematic as an actual blood sample may be overlooked or left at the scene (Lee, Palmbach and Miller 2001). Many of the false positive reactions can be identified during the presumptive testing procedure if any changes observed and the exact point in the reaction of these changes is recorded and compared to that of blood (Lee, Palmbach and Miller 2001). Chapter III. Experimental Methodology I will be investigating known substances previously reported by other authors that show a false positive and then analysing other substances similar to those already known to see if these also produce a false positive. III.I Project Design Each of the substances will need to be repeated to ensure a wide enough range of consistent results. Therefore, a grid will be drawn on a piece of Perspex measuring 1.5m2, and a piece of filter paper placed in each of the grid spaces, to allow the even distribution of substances and to allow the easy identification of false positives. Blood Known False Positives Unknowns 1 2 3 1 2 A New technique to detect metabolites from a single drop of blood B New technique to detect metabolites from a single drop of blood C New technique to detect metabolites from a single drop of blood Figure 4- A diagram to illustrate an example of the project layout. For each of the presumptive reagents tested, the filter paper in each grid space will be exposed to a substance to be tested. This will be allowed to dry for a minimum of 1 hour. Each substance will then be tested with a reagent. Each substance will be repeated three times to give a fair indication of performance. The time taken for a substance to register a positive result will be recorded. If a colour change occurs then the test will be classed as positive. If no colour change is noted within 5 minutes of the reagent being added, then the test will be classed as negative. III.II Sample Preparation The substances that I have chosen to analyse are known false positives as reported by other authors and then substances allied to known false positives. Known false positives to be tested: Horseradish. Tomato Sauce. Red Onion. Turnip. Lemon Juice. Bleach Solution (5%). Unknown substances to be tested: Brown Sauce. BBQ Sauce. Radish. Dark Chocolate. Orange Juice. Bleach Solution (less than 5%). III.III Choice of Presumptive Tests I have chosen to use the following presumptive reagents to test substances for false positives: Kastle-Meyer. Hemastix. McPhails. Bluestar. III.IV Control Tests I will test all of the presumptive tests on blank filter paper before proceeding to test with substances. This ensures that there is no reaction from the filter paper to the presumptive tests. I shall also test all of the presumptive tests with horse blood before proceeding to test with substances. This shows that the tests do recognise a sample of blood. I have chosen to use 2.5g of each substance as I feel this is an amount that is representative of a stain at a scene. Blood is reported to have been diluted to 1:10000 in previous tests, and as this dilution has proved the most successful, I have chosen to use this dilution. REARRANGE + FINISH
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Walton’s Letters in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay -- Mary Shelley
Walton’s Letters in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein ‘Frankenstein’ is a gothic, science fiction novel written by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. It was written in Switzerland in 1816 and London in 1816-1817. The novel begins with a series of letters from the explorer Robert Walton to his sister, Margaret Saville. The entirety of ‘Frankenstein’ is contained within Robert Walton’s letters, which record the narratives of both Frankenstein and the monster. Walton’s letters act like a framing device for Victor’s narrative. Shelley’s use of letters enables the shift of narrative from one character to another, while still remaining like a standard novel. Walton’s is only the first of many voices in ‘Frankenstein’. His letters set up a frame which encloses the main narrative (Frankenstein’s), and provides the context in which it’s told. The letters from Walton, a well-to-do Englishman with a passion for exploring, start when he’s in St.Petersburg. He is writing to his sister Margaret in England. He assures her that he is safe and is looking forward to his voyage which has been his dream for many years. He tells his sister of his preparations leading up to his departure, and of the desire burning in him to accomplish â€Å"some great purpose†- exploring and discovering uncharted territory in the North Pole. There are also many roles which Walton’s letters undertake in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein’. Each letter has a different role and introduces new ideas. One of the main functions of the letters is to set the scene for the telling of the stranger’s narrative. In addition to this, Walton’s letters introduce an important character, Walton himself, whose story parallels Frankenstein’s. Walton parallels Victor in ... ...ledge and wisdom, as I once did; and I ardently wish that the gratification of your wishes may not be a serpent to sting you, as mine has been.†The theme of destructive knowledge is developed and predominates throughout the novel as the tragic consequences of Frankenstein’s search for knowledge are revealed. Walton, like Frankenstein also in the pursuit of knowledge attempts to surpass previous human explorations in order to discover the secrets of the unknown. Overall the role of Walton’s letters in ‘Frankenstein’ are very important. Not only do they introduce important characters such as Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein and the monster. But they also establish the period and place in which the novel is set, introduce important ideas and themes which prevail throughout the novel, and introduce and frame the novel in a creative and interesting way.
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Comarch Business Model
The customers in this group are: Heinlein, Scrabbles, Renault, Naive, Coca-cola, Red Bull and more. Government: This unit provides a wide variety of solutions to different kind of customers from the Public Sector. The list of customers includes: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland, The National Bank of Poland, Albanian State Police and more. ERP: The unit is dedicated to developing and implementing intuitive software solutions to help Seems optimize their business processes.Companies that use Compare's ERP systems are: Coca-cola, Neonate, Yves Richer, T- Comanche AS develops and delivers products and services specifically targeted at their groups of customers. Telecommunications: The products developed for electrification aim at increase the revenue of the companies and build strong relations with customers' clients and business partners. This portfolio of products is vast and goes from Customer, Revenue and Product Management to Application Integration Infrastr ucture.The main products developed for this sector are: Comanche Corporate Self Care: provides online ordering, data management and reporting for corporate customers; Comanche Central Product Management: simplifies IT architecture and speeds up new product launches by providing a single place for managing the product catalogue and product lifestyle. Comanche Service Quality Management: it gathers network, application and service statistics, aggregates it and presents it against service models.Finance: The products in the finance sector are evolving every year in order to accommodate the needs of the customers. Some of the products created are: Comanche credit process management: it is a system that supports transaction processing as well as the application approval, security valuation, customer risk assessment and credit approval. Comanche mobile insurance advisor: it covers the whole sales process – from identification of the customer and needs analysis through emulations an d quotations, investment advisory, to generation and signing of the proposal.Services: This specific set of products provides advanced IT solutions in order to boost a company's performance. The list of products comprises the following software and solutions: Comanche Enterprise Marketing Management: it provides customer-oriented companies with the ability to plan, execute and track cross- channel campaigns and to build attractive loyalty programs to engage customers by delivering highly relevant offers that encourage them to buy more and more.Comanche SEA: it offers IT solutions for the management of sales support and the work f sales representatives, integration solutions and services to communicate with business partners, as well as on-line Web applications for managing sales and trade marketing and business communication with contractors. Government: in this area Comanche specializes in the design, implementation and integration of advanced IT solutions for state administration offices, local government and the utilities supply market.Some of the software developed are: Comanche Gerri: this is a modern Polish ERP system for organization management which is adapted to the needs and requirements of public administration. It offers budgetary reporting facilities including budgetary accounting forms in printable or electronic versions. Public Electronic Service Platform: it is a portal solution aimed at public administration, local government, and fully and partly nationalized companies.The solution aims to ease procedures for clients of government agencies by making a wide range of Internet solutions available to them so that they can conduct their affairs without having to go in person to the offices concerned. ERP: this area of development of products is the flagship of Comanche. The software ND scalable to the unique needs of each company and industry. The signature software is called Comanche ALEUT. Comanche ALEUT: is a state-of-the-art management softwar e system which represents the end result of seventeen years of experience developing some of the most innovative IT solutions available worldwide.The software is designed to save the time of customers, reduce their costs, enable a streamline communication between departments, and to arm them with easy- to-use- reports for successful decision-making. The value proposition of the company and the features that make Comanche AS be unique in the market are various. They focus on the customer satisfaction and excellence in the products and services delivered. Comanche,in order to satisfy the requests of their clients, implements projects within the defined budget and schedule.The Polish company, with almost 20 years of industry experience, is able to understand the business and technological needs of their customers developing the best solutions for them. One of the key features of the products is the faster implementation and easier integration, reducing the risk level of each project. T he solutions developed are easily configurable and will develop along with the client's business. The adaptation of the products to the customers' needs makes Comanche be a reliable long-term partner.
Friday, November 8, 2019
Proofreading and Formatting What’s the Difference
Proofreading and Formatting What’s the Difference Proofreading and Formatting: What’s the Difference? At Proofed, we do everything we can to make sure your written work is error free and well formatted. But what exactly is the difference between proofreading and formatting? To sum up, proofreading is about checking your work for mistakes, while formatting is about presentation. But the proofreading and formatting we do involves more than you might think. Comprehensive Proofreading The term â€Å"proofreading†comes from the â€Å"galley proofs†used by print publishers (early versions of written works, typically for editing or review). A â€Å"proof reader†is literally someone who checks these proofs for errors. Outside publishing, modern proofreading commonly includes an element of editing, such as making minor amendments to improve readability, sentence structure and word choice. We do this kind of proofreading at Proofed, and our expert proofreaders can offer assistance on everything from college papers and job applications to novels and advertising copy. This is made simple by the Track Changes function in Microsoft Word, which eliminates the need for a printed proof. The rise of digital proofreading has severely hit sales of red pens (Photo: Nics Events) As well as removing grammatical and spelling errors, our proofreading service ensures that vocabulary and references are used appropriately in college papers. As such, getting your work proofread can even boost your grades! And the Formatting? While proofreading focuses on the content of your written work, formatting encompasses everything about how the document is presented, including: A Title Page We can add a title page to meet your specifications, as well as abstract pages, acknowledgements or whatever else your document needs. Font Size and Type Formatting includes applying a font style, along with making sure paragraphs are clearly and consistently formatted throughout the document. Titles and Subtitles We’ll also apply specific font styles for all titles and subtitles in your work, thereby maximizing the clarity and visual impact of your writing. Charts and Figures Microsoft Word’s caption options allow us to add labels to all charts and figures, thereby boosting clarity. Dynamic Tables We can generate a table of contents or list of charts/figures that can be quickly updated at the touch of a button. Margins, Headers, and Footers As well as the options above, our formatting service incorporates all other elements of how your work is presented. Need the margins adjusting? No problem. Want page numbers added? Or chapter headers? Just let us know! Overall, the crucial thing with formatting is that your work is clearly and consistently presented throughout. Whatever your document, our service will make sure of this.
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Free Essays on The Over- Commercialization Of Student Athletes
College athletes in this country are being over-commercialized right in front of us and they are not getting compensated in any way. Universities are using the cover of calling the athletes amateurs when in reality they are â€Å"big-time, big-money entertainment, with professional trappings, financed by a plantation mentality and slave labor†(Lyon par.3) and then the colleges say that the scholarship given to them is considerable reimbursement. The reality is that these athletes are going to school full-time and are essentially working-full time jobs for no pay. Not only that, but athletes can’t accept gifts of any kind, even if it is just something necessary like money for food or toiletries. These kids worked hard in high school to get these scholarships, but now that they have them, their lives are harder. Although a scholarship is a good way to recruit athletes to a school to make that school money, big time athletes who are being commercialized should be getting a share of the large sums of money that the schools and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) are making. In 1997, star running back for Penn State, Curtis Enis was invited to a year-end award ceremony for his team to celebrate his 1,363 rushing yards and 19 touchdowns. In order to attend, however, he would need an outfit that he did not have money for . Since he is an athlete, he would not be allowed to have the clothes needed given to him as a helpful gesture. If he were a regular student, he could have accepted the clothes as a gift from anyone and no one would look twice. But he is an athlete who is held to a hypocritical double standard (Lyon par.2). If an athlete is lucky enough to even have time for a job, NCAA rules prohibit them from working a job that pay more that $2,000 a year (O’Toole par.9). That means they can make roughly $41 per week which is hardly enough to put gas in your car nowadays. The NCAA offers athletes some alternative forms... Free Essays on The Over- Commercialization Of Student Athletes Free Essays on The Over- Commercialization Of Student Athletes College athletes in this country are being over-commercialized right in front of us and they are not getting compensated in any way. Universities are using the cover of calling the athletes amateurs when in reality they are â€Å"big-time, big-money entertainment, with professional trappings, financed by a plantation mentality and slave labor†(Lyon par.3) and then the colleges say that the scholarship given to them is considerable reimbursement. The reality is that these athletes are going to school full-time and are essentially working-full time jobs for no pay. Not only that, but athletes can’t accept gifts of any kind, even if it is just something necessary like money for food or toiletries. These kids worked hard in high school to get these scholarships, but now that they have them, their lives are harder. Although a scholarship is a good way to recruit athletes to a school to make that school money, big time athletes who are being commercialized should be getting a share of the large sums of money that the schools and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) are making. In 1997, star running back for Penn State, Curtis Enis was invited to a year-end award ceremony for his team to celebrate his 1,363 rushing yards and 19 touchdowns. In order to attend, however, he would need an outfit that he did not have money for . Since he is an athlete, he would not be allowed to have the clothes needed given to him as a helpful gesture. If he were a regular student, he could have accepted the clothes as a gift from anyone and no one would look twice. But he is an athlete who is held to a hypocritical double standard (Lyon par.2). If an athlete is lucky enough to even have time for a job, NCAA rules prohibit them from working a job that pay more that $2,000 a year (O’Toole par.9). That means they can make roughly $41 per week which is hardly enough to put gas in your car nowadays. The NCAA offers athletes some alternative forms...
Sunday, November 3, 2019
Discuss the prospects for a peaceful resolution to the Essay
Discuss the prospects for a peaceful resolution to the isreali-palestinian conflict.What are the core issues that need to be resolved for lasting peace to occur - Essay Example decades in order to bring about lasting peace between Israelis and Palestinians but all of these attempts have ended up in failure mainly because of the unwillingness of either side to make concessions that are deemed to be advantageous to their rivals. The result has been that the conflict has remained intense and this to such an extent that it has become common for both sides to level accusations and counter accusations towards each other over their unwillingness to bring about lasting peace. It is essential to note that there are many issues that have to be resolved in order for lasting peace to be brought about in this region, some of which will be discussed in this paper. Among the issues to be resolved are the following; the conflict of identity, socio-psychological barriers, religion, justice and fairness as a barrier, and finally, the strategic decisions taken during the peace process. One of the biggest issues that have to be resolved in order to bring the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to an end is the conflict of identity. This is a situation which developed as a result of the forced removal of Palestinians from their land during the war of 1947 to 1949 which brought about the Palestinian refugee crisis (Flapan 1987, p.4; Morris 2004, p.48). This crisis has become one of the major issues of contention during the peace process because it has brought about a situation where among the points made by Palestinian authorities is that the refugees have a right to return to their ancestral lands. The argument for return is one which is normally bitterly opposed by Israel because it would essentially mean the invalidation of the Jewish state and recognition that it has settled Palestinian land illegally. This is a concession that Israel is unwilling to make because it would essentially bring its development over the last six decades to a halt. Furthermore, most Israelis b elieve that the land that was occupied starting from 1948 is their ancestral land and that
Friday, November 1, 2019
Psychology Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Psychology - Personal Statement Example Explaining this fact we see that, on the one hand, it was ethical because it followed the guidelines of a special Stanford ethics committee that allowed and approved it. Experiment’s participants were told that they would be assigned either the role of the guard, or the role of the prisoner in a completely random manner, and they all volunteered to play any of these roles for $ 15 a day for a period not exceeding two weeks. They signed a contract guaranteeing them a minimally adequate diet, clothing, shelter and medical care, as well as monetary rewards, and instead signed an ‘intention’ to perform an interim role during the whole experiment. On the other hand, it was unethical because the participants-prisoners were forced to stay in a simulated prison for the whole day during the study period and they were suffered, being humiliated by their fellows over the period of the experiment. Continuing the discussion of this ethical question we can mention that it was n ot right to trade ‘sufferings’ experienced by participants for the knowledge gained by the research, and understanding this fact the experiment was stopped mush earlier.
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