Private Military Contractors and the Middle East - 1433 Words

Throughout the Middle East, the use of private military contractors has significantly heightened, due to the call of attacks in these countries. PMC’s take up much cost for a country to fund, and the increasing rates are bringing drawbacks onto working citizens. However, there PMC’s are also vital in order for a country to maintain its armed security forces. On the other hand, mercenaries are people who take part in armed conflicts. The PMC’s hire these mercenaries to work under them in helping take part in hostilities, but receive benefits for their own gains. Recently, the United Nations Mercenary Convention (UNMC) has placed restrictions upon PMC’s in the use of mercenaries, in order to create specifications between commercial and government uses of these protection services. Sweden has very little support and funds for the use of these PMC’s, due to the lack of high military activity. Current Issues: In the Middle East, and other countries active in their military uses, are raising high questions of controversy against whether or not PMC’s should be implemented at an international scale. After these countries in the middle east have been hit with attacks, there has been thought on how to promote entrusted security for the countries. However, the use of these PMC’s can lead to security faults in diplomatic officials, and can cause unstable regions throughout a country as we have seen happen in Libya in 2012. On the contrary, PMC’s can be ideal in post-warShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Power Fettweis On American Foreign Policy2203 Words   |  9 Pagesproven by the fact the United States has increased its military spending by over 70 per cent since 2000 although the entire developed world has cut its defense spending. This conservative view of the world is utterly baseless. The global society today is more peaceful than it has ever been. There are fewer cases of conflicts, discrimination and genocide now than during the Cold War and earlier. Nuclear proliferation has been contained, military spending has declined and terrorist attacks have slumpedRead MoreThe War Of The Great And Hannibal Barca1388 Words   |  6 Pagesfamilies or rulers. Many wars are now fought by the countries formed military, but many are not aware that battles are fought by a new kind of warrior, private military companies (PMC) or better known as mercenary army’s. A mercenary is traditionally defined as â€Å"a group or person who takes part in an armed conflict who is not a national or a party to the conflict and is motivated to take part in the hostilities by the desire for private gain or hire’. Mercenary armies have been around for decades, datingRead MoreThe Global War on Terror2359 Words   |  9 Pagesquestion the effectiveness of the War on Terror in the Middle East. By examining research conducted both prior to and after the September 11 attacks and the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan, this paper demonstrates that overall participation in organized terror activities has increased overtime; therefore, the â€Å"War on Terror† has had minimal success in reducing the number of violent terror attacks and political violence groups in the Middle East. This paper will begin by defining terrorism and â€Å"WarRead MoreA Brief Note On The United War On The Middle East And Southeast Asia Remains Unstable1503 Words   |  7 PagesPersonnel in Afghanistan The War on Terrorism in the Middle East and Southwest Asia remains problematic. Though there are many problems within the Middle East, the narcotics problem in Southwest Asia remains one of the largest to date. It has been much debatable as to how to proceed in the combating of Narcotics in Afghanistan. There are many debatable arguments for the quick pull out, of all private and U.S. contract personnel out of Afghanistan to realign the methods to attack on the narcoticsRead MoreCyber Attacks And Its Effects On Business986 Words   |  4 Pagesnetwork(The Impact of Cybercrime on Business, 2012, pg.1 ). The biggest threat to the organization is the theft of intellectual property, business intelligence and the disruption of online processes has major strategic implication to both public and private organizations (Watkins, n.d.pg.2) The most prevalent attacks suffered by organizations suffer are social engineering attacks, viruses, worms and Trojans, Advanced Persistent (APT) attacks, denial of service (DOS) attacks and botnets(The Impact ofRead MoreAuthorization For Use Of Military Force1041 Words   |  5 Pages Authorization for Use of Military Force Essay Micah Johnston 24 January 2015 Dr. John Becker Comprehending the underlying authority for the President of the United States to authorize the international use of military operations in order to respond to an attack or as a counter-terrorism strategy, may be difficult to fathom for those who are not familiar with practices and philosophies associated in this realm. Conducting military operations against the Taliban government in AfghanistanRead MoreThe Effects of War on the U.S. Economy3070 Words   |  13 Pageseffects that our economy encounters in times of turmoil. From employment to credit and financial markets to the price of much needed commodities, no aspect of our economy can be said to remain unchanged during any given conflict. With the war in the Middle East entering its seventh year and past debt from World Wars I II still remaining on the national deficits’ books, what does this mean for our economy? Economists have drawn different conclusions on topics such as: 1. The economic cost of War onRead MoreThe war on terror Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesof Americans and nations near us. The War on Terror’s background originated through conflicts between warring countries in the Middle East; U.S. involvement started when a terrorist guided plane crashed into the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 in New York City. The attack was suspected to be the work of the middle-eastern terrorist group Al-Qaeda. The U.S. military, under the leadership of then commander-in-chief George W. Bush, declared a â€Å"War on Terror† on the terrorist group and the fightingRead MoreThe Role Of Private Military Contractors ( Pmcs )1912 Words   |  8 PagesThesis: The role of private military contractors (PMCs) has expanded tremendously since the end of the Cold War when western governments began the process of trimming their bloated military forces. As privatization commenced, governments began to rely upon a new kind of contractor that sold not o nly hardware but also manpower and expertise. Even as conventional military forces declined, the need for highly capable, professional soldiers remained pressing, especially in conflict prone areas aroundRead MoreThe United States War On Terror1158 Words   |  5 Pagesthe nation against such a threat. The military was mobilized for a full invasion of the Middle East to capture these terrorists and hold them accountable for the lives lost. At the time the apparent center of terrorist activities was located in and around Afghanistan. One of the immediate goals of the American military was to track down the Taliban leader Osama bin Laden. This end would be pursued in what would be called Operation Enduring Freedom. As the military focused its scope against the Taliban

Private Military Contractors and the Middle East - 1433 Words

Throughout the Middle East, the use of private military contractors has significantly heightened, due to the call of attacks in these countries. PMC’s take up much cost for a country to fund, and the increasing rates are bringing drawbacks onto working citizens. However, there PMC’s are also vital in order for a country to maintain its armed security forces. On the other hand, mercenaries are people who take part in armed conflicts. The PMC’s hire these mercenaries to work under them in helping take part in hostilities, but receive benefits for their own gains. Recently, the United Nations Mercenary Convention (UNMC) has placed restrictions upon PMC’s in the use of mercenaries, in order to create specifications between commercial and government uses of these protection services. Sweden has very little support and funds for the use of these PMC’s, due to the lack of high military activity. Current Issues: In the Middle East, and other countries active in their military uses, are raising high questions of controversy against whether or not PMC’s should be implemented at an international scale. After these countries in the middle east have been hit with attacks, there has been thought on how to promote entrusted security for the countries. However, the use of these PMC’s can lead to security faults in diplomatic officials, and can cause unstable regions throughout a country as we have seen happen in Libya in 2012. On the contrary, PMC’s can be ideal in post-warShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Power Fettweis On American Foreign Policy2203 Words   |  9 Pagesproven by the fact the United States has increased its military spending by over 70 per cent since 2000 although the entire developed world has cut its defense spending. This conservative view of the world is utterly baseless. The global society today is more peaceful than it has ever been. There are fewer cases of conflicts, discrimination and genocide now than during the Cold War and earlier. Nuclear proliferation has been contained, military spending has declined and terrorist attacks have slumpedRead MoreThe War Of The Great And Hannibal Barca1388 Words   |  6 Pagesfamilies or rulers. Many wars are now fought by the countries formed military, but many are not aware that battles are fought by a new kind of warrior, private military companies (PMC) or better known as mercenary army’s. A mercenary is traditionally defined as â€Å"a group or person who takes part in an armed conflict who is not a national or a party to the conflict and is motivated to take part in the hostilities by the desire for private gain or hire’. Mercenary armies have been around for decades, datingRead MoreThe Global War on Terror2359 Words   |  9 Pagesquestion the effectiveness of the War on Terror in the Middle East. By examining research conducted both prior to and after the September 11 attacks and the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan, this paper demonstrates that overall participation in organized terror activities has increased overtime; therefore, the â€Å"War on Terror† has had minimal success in reducing the number of violent terror attacks and political violence groups in the Middle East. This paper will begin by defining terrorism and â€Å"WarRead MoreA Brief Note On The United War On The Middle East And Southeast Asia Remains Unstable1503 Words   |  7 PagesPersonnel in Afghanistan The War on Terrorism in the Middle East and Southwest Asia remains problematic. Though there are many problems within the Middle East, the narcotics problem in Southwest Asia remains one of the largest to date. It has been much debatable as to how to proceed in the combating of Narcotics in Afghanistan. There are many debatable arguments for the quick pull out, of all private and U.S. contract personnel out of Afghanistan to realign the methods to attack on the narcoticsRead MoreCyber Attacks And Its Effects On Business986 Words   |  4 Pagesnetwork(The Impact of Cybercrime on Business, 2012, pg.1 ). The biggest threat to the organization is the theft of intellectual property, business intelligence and the disruption of online processes has major strategic implication to both public and private organizations (Watkins, n.d.pg.2) The most prevalent attacks suffered by organizations suffer are social engineering attacks, viruses, worms and Trojans, Advanced Persistent (APT) attacks, denial of service (DOS) attacks and botnets(The Impact ofRead MoreAuthorization For Use Of Military Force1041 Words   |  5 Pages Authorization for Use of Military Force Essay Micah Johnston 24 January 2015 Dr. John Becker Comprehending the underlying authority for the President of the United States to authorize the international use of military operations in order to respond to an attack or as a counter-terrorism strategy, may be difficult to fathom for those who are not familiar with practices and philosophies associated in this realm. Conducting military operations against the Taliban government in AfghanistanRead MoreThe Effects of War on the U.S. Economy3070 Words   |  13 Pageseffects that our economy encounters in times of turmoil. From employment to credit and financial markets to the price of much needed commodities, no aspect of our economy can be said to remain unchanged during any given conflict. With the war in the Middle East entering its seventh year and past debt from World Wars I II still remaining on the national deficits’ books, what does this mean for our economy? Economists have drawn different conclusions on topics such as: 1. The economic cost of War onRead MoreThe war on terror Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesof Americans and nations near us. The War on Terror’s background originated through conflicts between warring countries in the Middle East; U.S. involvement started when a terrorist guided plane crashed into the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 in New York City. The attack was suspected to be the work of the middle-eastern terrorist group Al-Qaeda. The U.S. military, under the leadership of then commander-in-chief George W. Bush, declared a â€Å"War on Terror† on the terrorist group and the fightingRead MoreThe Role Of Private Military Contractors ( Pmcs )1912 Words   |  8 PagesThesis: The role of private military contractors (PMCs) has expanded tremendously since the end of the Cold War when western governments began the process of trimming their bloated military forces. As privatization commenced, governments began to rely upon a new kind of contractor that sold not o nly hardware but also manpower and expertise. Even as conventional military forces declined, the need for highly capable, professional soldiers remained pressing, especially in conflict prone areas aroundRead MoreThe United States War On Terror1158 Words   |  5 Pagesthe nation against such a threat. The military was mobilized for a full invasion of the Middle East to capture these terrorists and hold them accountable for the lives lost. At the time the apparent center of terrorist activities was located in and around Afghanistan. One of the immediate goals of the American military was to track down the Taliban leader Osama bin Laden. This end would be pursued in what would be called Operation Enduring Freedom. As the military focused its scope against the Taliban

How Hipaa Violations Affect the Medical Billing Process

Running head: HOW HIPAA VIOLATIONS AFFECT THE MEDICAL BILLING How HIPAA Violations Affect the Medical Billing Process Brenda Beaver Axia Of UOP How HIPAA Violations Affect the Medical Billing Process HIPAA confidentiality is important for very patient but for some reasons when they hear someone has HIV or AIDS it gives them the right to talk about it with others which have no reason to know. I will show why it is so important to be sensitive to this type of health conditions. Will examine the social, legal, and ethical ramifications of improper information disclosure. HIPAA affects the billing process by making sure that patient demographics are accurate and kept confidential. There should be in the patient’s file an†¦show more content†¦Confidentiality Issues: all patient information must be kept confidential and shared only with the appropriate staff involved in the care of the patient. Patient records must be kept out of sight so that for example the cleaning crew cannot look at it and other patients cannot view it. Discussing the case with anyone outside the medical office. HIPAA is for the protection, us e, and disclosure of protected health information (Ramutkowski, Booth, Pugh, Thompson, , 2008). People that have AIDS or HIV are more sensitive to sharing their health information than others because it could cost them their job. The people that contract these diseases are subject to scrutiny from the public. Since people automatically think that they are gay or lesbian but they are not the only ones that can get HIV or AIDS. When a person is revealed to have HIV or AIDS, he or she may be immediately discriminated against. HIV and AIDS require lifetime treatment that is very expensive to treat (HHS.gov, 2006). Unauthorized disclosure of a person’s positive HIV or AIDS status can lead to job loss; cancellation of insurance; evictions; and loss of friends and colleagues. The United States has developed a set of standards to keep a person’s HIV or AIDS status confidential as well as their other medical conditions. This is called the Health Insurance Portability and Accoun tability Act of 1996. All information is kept private from anyone except that person aShow MoreRelatedHow Hipaa Violations Affect the Medical Billing Process1652 Words   |  7 PagesHow HIPAA Violations Affect The Medical Billing Process HCR/220 September 23. 2012 How HIPAA Violations Affect The Medical Billing Process HIV and AIDS are two very serious diseases which first came known and reported in the U.S. in 1981. Today it is estimated that 1.7 million people in the U.S. have been infected with HIV since that date 619,000 people have already died from it. The CDC, (Center For Disease Control) estimates that every one in five people living with HIV, are unaware thatRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act Of The United States1086 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Affordable Care Act regarding the billing of medical claims. According to Palmer (n.d.), many medical professionals feel the Affordable Care Act piles on unnecessary problems regarding billing and reimbursement tasks. The Affordable Care Act is trying to improve the timing of reimbursement and also revenue management, needless to say, different practices, hospitals and medical billing companies are under more scrutiny to streamline the billing process. Palmer (n.d.) also stated that criticsRead MoreThe Implementation Of The Compliance Plan1313 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction. Here at O’Kelly Medical Practice it is our goal to maintain an effective compliance plan that is in accordance with the compliance program guidance that is set by the Office of Inspector General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The purpose of this compliance plan is to avoid and identify any violations of both law and company policy (hcma-consulting.com). Compliance Plan Objectives. The basic objectives to this compliance plan are as follows. The first is to preventRead MorePatient Rights And The Hipaa Privacy Rule1978 Words   |  8 PagesNancy J. Long 823 S. George St, Front York, PA 17403 ID# 22421209 Law and Ethics for Medical Careers HIT 105 Research project number: 40936500 Patient Rights and the HIPAA Privacy Rule According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services many consumers want to engage in a more active role concerning their health care, therefore, it is important to know what rights you have in obtaining and protecting (called the right to access) your personal health information (Department of SecretaryRead MoreLaw And Ethics Of Medicine1860 Words   |  8 PagesNancy J Long 823 S. George St, Front York, PA 17403 ID# 22421209 Law and Ethics in Medicine HIT 105 Research project number: 40936500 1) Does HIPAA affect a patient’s right to access his/her medical records or determine who can see the information? If so, describe the patient’s right. What can a patient do if he/she believes the rights are being denied? According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services many consumers want to engage in a more active role with regards to their healthRead MoreThe Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) affects every aspect of health care from patient privacy to insurance coverage. The federal act was first passed in 1996, yet the first major rule did not go into effect until 2003, protecting patient privacy. HIPAA ultimately came into effect due to the issues regarding patient privacy, security and coverage. Another major concern for both health care workers and the public was the exchange of patient information from oneRead MoreHealthcare Claims and Processing1600 Words   |  7 PagesInsurance Portability And Accountability Act (HIPAA) and its impact on healthcare claims processing. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 was created, in part, to make health insurance portable in an attempt to address the problem of the growing amount of people that are uninsured and underinsured (NASW,2002). The Act allows a person with preexisting medical issues to get health insurance when changing jobs. HIPAA also addressed healthcare fraud and abuse. A significantRead MoreHealth Insurance Portability And Accountability Act Of 19962025 Words   |  9 Pagessection of this act that has a pervasive effect on health plans, billing agencies, information systems vendors, and other providers. Within the provisions of this section, HIPAA requires improved efficiency in healthcare delivery by standardized in electronic data interchange (EDI) and protection of confidentiality and security of health data through setting and enforcing standards. (HIPAA). . Accreditation is the evaluation process in healthcare systems that ensure that it is conduc ting businessRead MoreI Will Define Hipaa Law2049 Words   |  9 Pagesinitiated it, when it was initiated, the goals of the EHR, and how the Affordable Care Act and the Obama administration are tied into it. Then I will show evidence of research and discuss the six steps of this process as well as my facilities progress with EHR. Then I will describe meaningful use and how my facility attained it. Finally, I will define HIPAA law, the possible threats to patient confidentiality relating to EHR, and how what my facility is doing to prevent patient confidentiality fromRead MoreA Laptop Belonging At Kaiser Permanentes Stolen From An Employees Car1573 Words   |  7 Pagesimplementing safeguards/regulatory guidelines to protect patient information. According to Smith (2000) â€Å"Threats to medical record privacy include: (a) administrative actions such as errors that release, misclassify, lose information or compromise accuracy; (b) misuse by users; and (c) uncontrolled access to t he medical record. Heath care computerization is an increased threat to medical record privacy through enabling the storage of large amounts of data in small places. Therefore, when an intruder

Execution of Light Rail Framework Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Execution of Light Rail Framework. Answer: Introduction Light Rail framework is mainly designed for improving the efficiency of the transport system and reducing traffic on the streets of this city that is Adelaide which is well known of Australia (Clarke, 2012). The design of this light rail framework is such a way that it relates to the framework is properly checked which is essential for the development (Dennis, Wixom Tegarden, 2015). LRT is evaluated with the certain areas that needed for the support and deployment of this project in Adelaide (Cunha, Garis Riesco, 2015). LRT is mainly essential for the evaluation during the preparation of this given report. During the evaluation of the framework many problems are faced (Hawkins et al., 2013). During development of lifecycle model which is required for upgradation of LTR is mainly discussed and evaluated in this particular report. The preliminary design is mainly established for the upgradation of the framework which is mainly discussed in this report (Soni Khaliq, 2015). Description of design and its methodology is mainly focused for the upgradation of the system (Moore, 2016). In the final stage the light rail transit framework mainly focuses on testing errors which can be generated at the time of its deployed of the given framework (Sachdeva, Sunita, 2015). SLDC model is mainly used for the upgradation of the system and a schedule of project management is mainly created for managing the module and keeping a track on the progress of the given and mainly aims in increasing the efficiency which is mainly required for the development of this project. Preliminary design Light rail framework design mainly consists of overhead lines of electricity, tracking of layout and mainly covering the essential region of the city and the particular model mainly focuses on framework of rail transits (Valacich, George Hoffer, 2015). The tracks of the framework of LRT mainly focuses to design a such a way the passengers will feel a safe and comfortable journey with reduced vibration and jerk. The motor which is mainly used for running the engine of this LRT mainly requires to be powerful with various steps and cliffs (Smith, 2015). Implementation of light rail transport in Adelaide can be successful if it satisfies the proper needs of the city and which will ultimately bring benefit to the given city (Moore, 2016). Tracks which are used for LRT mainly needs to be combined with the metro which will ultimately reduce the development cost. Speed of this light rail track is mainly required to be checked for various routes (Rosen et al., 2012). GPS tracking system must be installed in this light rail which will provide real time update of present position and also calculates the distance that is covered by this LRT (Sun Chao, 2013). The tracks are designed in such way that various road ways can be used for keeping the track and sharing it with different vehicle that is running on the road (Hanumantharaju, Ravishankar Rameshbabu, 2013). The quality of transportation can be improved by using of proper insulation and maintaining silence in the cabin. The capacity of carrying passenger mainly requires to be improved with various changes in the present design (Dennis, Wixom Tegarden, 2015). Usage of SDLC model can be beneficial for the upgradation of framework with minimizing the faults which is mainly generated during the implementation of the project (Hawkins et al., 2013). A proper analysis is needed to be done for collecting all the problems which is related during the implementation of the network (Huda, Arya Khan, 2015). System that is designed mainly focuses on various feature and techniques which are essential for making the project successful (Soni Khaliq, 2015). For reaching the following step on the co mplementation of previous stage and the various errors must be checked (Valacich, George Hoffer, 2015). Now if an error is detected in the any phase then it is duty of developer to come back to the earlier step for the correction of any error and continuing with left portion of the projects. Detailed design and development The development of light rail framework in Adelaide and various aims of the project of is required to be checked. Various things like infrastructure of the building like platform and bridges are required to be analyzed for the deployment of this LRT (Smith, 2015). The present areas of the city traffic and various areas are needed to be checked (Valacich, George Hoffer, 2015). The available scope of upgradation and infrastructure that can be used for reducing the cost of the network which ultimately aims in reducing the total cost and can also be proved for improving efficiency of the given network. The methodology that is chosen for the development of LRT mainly requires confirmation which works with the development of LRT (Rosen et al., 2012). For the proper development of the framework the basic or preliminary design needs to be evaluated and cost of life cycle also needs to be considered. The forthcoming design stage and the price is analyzed which is needed to be done and the li fe cycle of the project needs to be checked (Clarke, 2012). Various tools which are used for project management is mainly required for scheduling project and development of lifecycle which is stated in development stage for the upgradation of framework (Vir Mann, 2013). Project needs to be created as per the structure of work breakdown. It is the duty of the project manager to check different resources of activity which can be easily checked in the various phase of development of project (Messersmith McIntosh, 2015). The total cost of the project can be easily calculated from the schedule and total coverage area needs to be checked with proper budget (Cunha, Garis Riesco, 2015). In pre design phase various things like length of track and area of coverage needs to be checked (Smith, 2015). Now in the post design a proper analysis is required and all the information mainly requires to be checked and various details of the network is checked for calculation which ultimately increases the cost of the project (Huda, Arya Khan, 2015). The cost of maintenance is also required to be checked in the post design analysis with repayment cost of current structure and replacing the framework which is inclusive of cost of maintenance (Sachdeva, Sunita, 2015). The system outline is mainly designed in such that it can cover the predesign stage and post design stage which is mainly required for the detailed design for the development of LRT. Development of this project mainly depends the workers that are available and help from the local community of this Australian city that is Adelaide (Messersmith McIntosh, 2015). A proper analysis is made on the present network of the LRT of the city and upgradation that can be easily made after the usage of the new design which is provided to them (Sun Chao, 2013). The project needs to be divided into various categories is checked for the proper evaluation of the system and structure is designed properly for satisfying the basic needs of the project. System test, evaluation validation and optimization A proper testing of system needs to done on the present framework of LRT and an approach is required to be made on the various methodology of testing which is required for the infrastructure (Rosen et al., 2012). Planning mainly involves building up of proper design for the given frame work and also test the various capabilities which are mainly required for LRT system (Sun Chao, 2013). For providing the needs of the project the best performance of the project needs to be checked. The starting point of the project needs to be checked as per the approach of system engineering (Dennis, Wixom Tegarden, 2015). A proper update is made on the model which is required for calculating the estimation of the test after deployment and increasing the outcome or efficiency of the system (Hanumantharaju, Ravishankar Rameshbabu, 2013). Various models are available for the implementation of this light rail framework (Messersmith McIntosh, 2015). Various difficulties are faced by the proper model and is checked and compared with the given model for deployment and making the project a huge success (Sharon Dori, 2015). Validation of the given project is mainly required to be checked after analyzing the given project with other different successful projects (Sachdeva, Sunita, 2015). Various risk that are associated with implementation of the system needs to be checked as per the framework (Soni Khaliq, 2015). The mode of failure and its effect on analysis mainly requires to checked or managed for proper analysis during the upgradation of this project (Cunha, Garis Riesco, 2015). Various logic can be easily applied and data containing vital information needs to be collected (Hawkins et al., 2013). Brainstorming methodology and analysis of qualitative and quantitative must be required for the upgradation of the current framework of the given organization (Moore, 2016). Various risk that are involved in the input and output of the system needs to be controlled with various strategy of testing (Clarke, 2012). The various parts that are used for the implementation of the framework and usage of various service for checking the purpose and the framework of the given LRT project in Adelaide by using system development life cycle model (Huda, Arya Khan, 2015). Conclusion From the above discussion it can be easily stated that the application of SDLC model is important for the development of LRT in Adelaide. A proper design is made for the provide the project and after that documentation of the project is made. Detail design is mainly composed of various function that are mainly required to be added and a proper methodology which is mainly essential for keeping a track of progress of this project in Adelaide. Validation of the project is mainly required to be selected for keeping a track on the progress of the given project that is LRT. The project must satisfy the needs of the project which is essential for the success of the project. It is the duty of project manager make use of different available project management tools which are essential for checking the proper budget and routine of the given project and as per the requirement it mainly monitors the progress of the project as per the requirement. The system mainly needs to be tested as per the s chedule and proper cost of the project needs to be evaluated for the proper upgradation of the given project. The preliminary design is mainly established for the upgradation of the framework which is mainly discussed in this report (Soni Khaliq, 2015). Description of design and its methodology is mainly focused for the upgradation of the system (Moore, 2016). In the final stage the light rail transit framework mainly focuses on testing errors which can be generated at the time of its deployed of the given framework (Sachdeva, Sunita, 2015). References Clarke, S. (2012). Information systems strategic management: An integrated approach. Routledge. Cunha, A., Garis, A., Riesco, D. (2015). Translating between Alloy specifications and UML class diagrams annotated with OCL. Software Systems Modeling, 14(1), 5-25. Dennis, A., Wixom, B. H., Tegarden, D. (2015).Systems analysis and design: An object-oriented approach with UML. John Wiley Sons. Hanumantharaju, M. C., Ravishankar, M., Rameshbabu, D. R. (2013). Design of Novel Algorithm and Architecture for Gaussian Based Color Image Enhancement System for Real Time Applications. In Advances in Computing, Communication, and Control (pp. 595-608). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Hawkins, T. R., Singh, B., Majeau?Bettez, G., Strmman, A. H. (2013). Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of conventional and electric vehicles. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 17(1), 53-64. Huda, M., Arya, Y. D. S., Khan, M. H. (2015). Quantifying Reusability of Object Oriented Design: A Testability Perspective.Journal of Software Engineering and Applications,8(4), 175. Messersmith, C., McIntosh, B. (2015). Capturing Bad Design Practices in Object-Oriented Code. Moore, F. (2016). Peo Life Cycle Cost Accountability: Viability Of Foreign Suppliers For Weapon System Development. Air War College Maxwell Air Force Base. Rosen, M., Lublinsky, B., Smith, K. T., Balcer, M. J. (2012). Applied SOA: service-oriented architecture and design strategies. John Wiley Sons. Sachdeva, A., Sunita, M. (2015). An Empirical and Analytical View of New Inheritance Metric for Object-Oriented Design. Sharon, A., Dori, D. (2015). A ProjectProduct ModelBased Approach to Planning Work Breakdown Structures of Complex System Projects. IEEE Systems Journal, 9(2), 366-376. Smith, B. (2015). Object-Oriented Design A Revisit. InAdvanced ActionScript 3(pp. 357-371). Apress. Soni, N., Khaliq, M. (2015). Maintainability estimation of object-oriented software: Design phase perspective.Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Commun. Eng,4(3), 538-542. Sun, S. P., Chao, W. S. (2013). An Architecture-Oriented Design Method For Gaming Business Administration Systems. In C], Asia Pacific Conference on Gambling Commercial Gaming Research (APCG2013), Taiwan. Valacich, J. S., George, J. F., Hoffer, J. A. (2015). Essentials of systems analysis and design. Pearson Education. Vir, R., Mann, P. S. (2013). A hybrid approach for the prediction of fault proneness in object oriented design using fuzzy logic.journal of academia and industrial research, 661-666.

Theory X, Y, and Z Essay Example

Theory X, Y, and Z Paper Comparison and Contrast on Theory XY and Z Douglas McGregor suggested that there are two different ways in which we can look at workers attitudes toward work. Each of these views, which McGregor called Theory X and Theory Y, has implications for management. Theory X (authoritarian management style) -People do not really like to work and will avoid it if at all possible so they must be coerced, controlled, directed, threatened with punishment to get them to work. -The average worker avoids responsibility, is unambitious and wants security more than anything else. Management based on Theory X is paternalistic at best and, at very least, authoritarian. -Rewards and punishment are assumed in this theory to be the key to employee productivity. Theory X managers believe that workers are only motivated by one thing money. They are selfish, lazy and hate work. They need to be closely controlled and directed. Theory Y (participative management style) The theory Y is to some extent the opposi te image of X -Effort in work is as natural as rest and play. People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organizational objectives, and the external control or the threat of punishment is not the only means of getting them to work. -Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement. The most important reward: satisfaction of their own ego needs. -People usually accept and often seek responsibility. -Creativity, ingenuity, and imagination are widely distributed among the population. People are capable of using these abilities to solve an organizational problem. In modern industry the intellectual potential of the average person is only partly utilized. Theory Y managers believe that Workers are motivated by many different factors apart from money. They enjoy their work and they will happily take on responsibility and make decisions for the business. Theory z William Ouchi Theory Z makes certain assumptions about workers: People tend to want to build cooperative and intimate working rela tionships with those that they work for and with, as well as the people that work for them. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory X, Y, and Z specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Theory X, Y, and Z specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Theory X, Y, and Z specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They have a high need to be supported by the company, and highly value a working environment in which such things as family, cultures and traditions, and social institutions are regarded as equally important as the work itself. They have a very well developed sense of order, discipline, moral obligation to work hard, and a sense of cohesion with their fellow workers. Finally, Theory Z workers can be trusted to do their jobs to their utmost ability, so long as management can be trusted to support them and look out for their well being. One of the best aspects of theory Z is the long-term employment which would appeal to Americans because they want job security. The collective decision making will create a good work environment and increase productivity. Something that Americans wont like is the slow evaluation and promotion. Americans dont like to wait years before they can get a promotion and they would rather get a new job instead. Another great benefit is that the company will have holistic concern for you and your family. Theory Z also places more reliance on the attitude and responsibilities of the workers, whereas McGregors XY theory is mainly focused on management and motivation from the managers and organizations perspective. Comparison Contrast Douglas McGregor tends to categorize people as one type or another: either being unwilling or unmotivated to work, or being self-motivated towards work. Threats and disciplinary action are thought to be used more effectively in this situation, although monetary rewards can also be a prime motivator to make Theory X workers produce more. William Ouchi believes that people are innately self-motivated to not only do their work, but are loyal towards the company, and want to make the company succeed. Theory X leaders would be more authoritarian, while Theory Y leaders would be more participative. But in both cases it seems that the managers would still retain a great deal of control. Theory Z managers would have to have a great deal of trust that their workers could make sound decisions. Therefore, this type of leader is more likely to act as coach, and let the workers make most of the decisions. As mentioned above, McGregors managers, in both cases, would seem to keep most of the power and authority. In the case of Theory Y, the manager would take suggestions from workers, but would keep the power to implement the decision. Theory Z suggests that the managers ability to exercise power and authority comes from the workers trusting management to take care of them, and allow them to do their jobs. The workers have a great deal of input and weight in the decision making process. Conflict in the Theory Z arena would involve a great deal of discussion, collaboration, and negotiation. The workers would be the ones solving the conflicts, while the managers would play more of a third party arbitrator role. This type of manager might be more likely to exercise a great deal of Power based conflict resolution style, especially with the Theory X workers. Theory Y workers might be given the opportunity to exert Negotiating strategies to solve their own differences. Theory Z emphasizes more frequent performance appraisals, but slower promotions, while according to Theory X, appraisals occur on a regular basis. Promotions also occur on a regular basis.