Corporate Social Responsibility Oil and Gas

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility for Oil and Gas. Answer: Introduction This report is aimed to illustrate the voluntary disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Corporate Governance (CG) aspect in the year ending reports as per the global reporting initiatives GRI (G4) standards as well as according to Australian stock exchange rules and regulation. This report is focused on the Australian corporate sector considering oil and gas sector as a main sector (Hopkins, 2012). In this context, the report is examining the financial statement and profile overview of the two companies in oil and mining sectors that is Woodside Petroleum Limited (WPL) and Paladin Energy Limited (PEL). This study is emphasizing on the critical evaluation of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility. The sustainable report of the companies is being analyzed and compared according to the set standards of G4 and ASX in the Australian industry. Moreover, the report also details on the recommendation for the improvement in the current situations and future financial reporting. Therefore, this study provides a combination of comparative analysis and critical examination of two companies with each other as well as with Australian standards of CG and CSR in G4 and ASX. A Brief on Companys Overview Woodside Petroleum is one the most famous and largest oil and gas companies in Western Australia (Woodside, 2017). The company was founded in 1954, earlier named as Lakes Entrance Oil Co has operations in exploration, development and other operating activities in various countries. The joint ventures with other oil and gas companies and government promotes the expansion of oil exploration of the company in other countries. It mainly engaged in the development of Liquefied natural gas projects but also explores and operates in pipeline gas, oil and LPGs along with this, has joint ventures in Australia with Australia Oil and Sunrise LNG Development (Woodside, 2017). In 2016, companys earnings before interest and tax were US $2734m reporting US$ 868m net profit after tax and overall operating revenue is recorded as US $4075m. On the other hand, Paladin energy ltd. is operating Uranium production in Western Australia (Paladin Energy Ltd, 2015). It was established in 1993 and has one of the largest explorations of uranium in the mining sector of Australia. The company is also working in Africas regions like Namibia and Malawi also operates in New Zealand and United States. The operations of the companys was banned for more than decade in early 90s because of the government rules but again restarted in 2015 in some of the regions of Australia. The company also has joint ventures with other companies and government of other countries like China, Japan and Russia. The earnings before interest tax, depreciation and amortization of the company in 2016 were reported as US$5.7m with the fall of US$11.3 from 2015 which was recorded as US$ 17m (Paladin Energy Ltd, 2015). Consequently, sales revenue of the company in 2016 was US$55.2m with a sale quantity of 2.125mlb U3O8. Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility Today, in this competitive intense industries and government requirements for the survival of the company every organization is bound to incorporate corporate governance and corporate social responsibility as a crucial part of its operations (Brennan, and Mullerat, 2011). Corporate governance is the bridge between social, individual and communal goals with the economic goals of an organization. It promotes the interest of every stakeholders of the company individually as well as group. It focuses on the optimum utilization and credibility of resources (Brennan, and Mullerat, 2011). It ensures accountability in terms of resource management with the stakeholders in financial recording as well as operations of the business. Similarly, in Paladin operations corporate governance is also evident as an integral part. It integrates wide number of corporate government policies in its operations such as Anti-bribery and corruption compliance guide, online learning module for bribery of foreign public officials and compliance committee charter as set standards (Paladin Energy Ltd, 2017). Moreover, whistleblower policy, privacy policy, continuous disclosure and communication policy with diversity policy is also encourages corporate governance in the organization. Furthermore, the organization embroils ethical and conduct codes for shareholders to protect their rights plus it manages risk policy, environmental policy, radiation policy, human right policy, community relation policy with policy trading in company securities (Paladin Energy Ltd, 2017). However, in Woodside continuous disclosure and market communication policy, shareholders communication with ethical consideration involving policies such as anti bribery and corruption policy and whistleblower policy is the part of corporate governance of the organization (Woodside, 2017). In addition to this, internal auditing, CEO and CFO assurance with risk management and responsibilities and internal control is also incorporated in the organizations CG. Likewise securities ownership and dealing with payment to political parties are also CGs basics in the organization. Admittedly, both the companies follow ASX rules and regulation for the compliance of corporate governance in the organization. On the contrary, corporate social responsibility is the ethical and moral responsibility towards stakeholders; it is social responsibility for the future generation. Stakeholders of the company in CSR entail both external and internal stakeholders of the company. It promotes the human development inside and outside of the organization and better prospects for future generation (Brennan, and Mullerat, 2011). It includes sustainable development and environmental issues that influenced by the organization. Especially in oil and mining sector, integration of CSR is vital due to adverse effects in the environment caused by its operations and functions. In Woodside, sustainability disclosure is done with the individual report as per global initiatives guidelines. The corporate social responsibility is been applicable in the organization as a predominant part of the organization and it articulates regulatory compliances, transparency, anti bribery corruptions, incident prevention policies, climate change, disruptive technology, human rights, biodiversity and ecology with payment transparency and health and safety performance (Woodside, 2017). Therefore, it can be depicted that it almost has all the written guidelines in the sustainability report of the company. Apart from this, Paladin also encompasses in its sustainable report with human rights, anti corruption and transparency of payment to government, procurement practices, local communities and material stewards (Paladin Energy Ltd, 2017). At the same time, it emphasis on the material management, environmental issues, waste management, diversity and equal opportunities with further education and training facilities for improvement. Thus, these guidelines are also followed as per the global report initiative to make a standard and systematic approach. Critical analysis of GRI disclosure guidelines and ASX Corporate Governance In order to set a standards format and mandatory disclosure of facts to encourage transparency for the stakeholders of the company GRI and ASX are the principle federations that provide brief on standards and policies concerned with the corporate governance and social responsibility (Brennan, and Mullerat, 2011). . GRI or G4 Guidelines are aimed to ensure the transparency and accountability in the financial report of the companies in terms of their sustainability report (Global Reporting Initiative, 2014). It comprehends general disclosure of business model, reports and external assurance, environment policies, social issues and related standards, employees health and safety, diversity, human rights, anti corruption and bribery with diversified management and top level bodies. Besides this, AXS listing rules of the Disclosure in the oil and gas activities are pertaining to petroleum tenements drilling programs, market sensitive information, geographical and reserve statements in the annual report (ASX Listing Rules, 2014). It also encourages the guideline formation for the petroleum resource management system with the application of petroleum resources management system. The guideline note 8 also emphasis on the continuous disclosure of the petroleum material and the information related to the resource management and reservoirs. Report analysis of both the Companies Corporate governance in both the companies is critically examined in terms of companies comparison as well as issues faced by the companies in setting proper rules and regulation of the company (Hopkins, 2012). Corporate governance is the vital practice in oil and gas sector along with the mining sector. In the above context, the corporate governance implementation in both the companies is well defined and many policies and standards have been formed (Brennan, and Mullerat, 2011). Paladin has more elaborated guideline and issue related to the corporate governance. In facts covers most of the issues and topics of disclosure. However, health and safety of labor in the mining activities plus financial benefits disclosure to the labors in the incidents and risk management is not covered precisely (Paladin Energy Ltd, 2017). In case of Woodside, company encompasses some of the topic but almost follows every rule and regulation. The health and risk management of the labors and stakeholders are finely elaborated (Woodside, 2017). But it lacks some of the key issues such as learning policies in terms of training and education of stakeholders, diversity management in the upper level as well as employers fair and equal opportunities. Apart from this, both the companies fail to achieve effective implementation of climate change and environmental policies in the disclosure and lacks in attainment of sustainable development of the resources (Paladin Energy Ltd, 2017). Furthermore, even after mentioning the anti bribery or corruption policies the companies are accused with dome allegation of bribery and corruption that shows failed execution of corporate governance. The companies do not disclose its ASX standard format in resource disclosure properly and efficiently (ASX Listing Rules, 2014). In fact, Woodside criticized under corruption charges, climate change accusation and many more environmental problems (Woodside, 2017). Along with this, Paladin also banned for decades as uranium is a natural source as nuclear source that has some serious issues on health of labors and surrounding environment. In case of CSR both the companies provide an illustration that is according to G4 guidelines (Hopkins, 2012). Though both the companies ensured the serious acquisition of these standards, yet there is enormous chance of improvement in it. Paladin lacks in the execution of CSR in comparison to Woodside because it covers less topics and do not provide up to date reports of the company in the current year (Woodside, 2017). Thus, it can be said that both the company has a scope of improvement in the better implementation of CSR. The recommendations for each company are same such as more engagement of stakeholders and implementation o new business model or change management in the company. Along with this, capacity building through better leadership and good governance should be added in the governance (ASX Listing Rules, 2014). Human resources will be added as a partner of the company and diversified approach will be accepted as a main part of the business operations. Appointment of experts in the corporate governance to deal with each area and issue of the corporate governance should be sustained (Hopkins, 2012). Transparent and reliable source of information in terms of reporting and disclosure is necessary for the improvement. Conclusion In the end, it can be investigated and concluded that both the companies has implemented policies of disclosure in their reports, yet its effective and efficient implementation is necessary. There are some issues with the G4 and ASX guideline catch up but can be resolved with some extra caution and implementing practices as a fundamental part of the guidelines for the company. References ASX Listing Rules.2014. Reporting on Oil and Gas Activities. [Online].Available at: https://www.asx.com.au/documents/rules/gn32_reporting_on_oil_gas_activities.pdf [Accessed on: 25 April 2017]. Brennan, D. and Mullerat, R. 2011. Corporate Social Responsibility: The Corporate Governance of the 21st Century. Kluwer Law International. Global Reporting Initiative. 2014. GRI Sustainability Reporting Guidelines (G4) and the European Directive on non?financial information disclosure. [Online].Available at: https://www.globalreporting.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/2014/G4%20and%20EU%20NFR%20Directive.pdf [Accessed on: 25 April 2017]. Hopkins, M. 2012. Corporate Social Responsibility and International Development: Is Business the Solution? Earthscan. Paladin Energy Ltd. 2015. Corporate Brochure. [Online].Available at: https://www.paladinenergy.com.au/sites/default/files/15.07_Paladin_Corporate_Brochure_July_2015.pdf [Accessed on: 25 April 2017]. Paladin Energy Ltd. 2017. Corporate Governance 2016. [Online].Available at: https://www.paladinenergy.com.au/corporate-governance-0 [Accessed on: 25 April 2017]. Paladin Energy Ltd. 2017. Financial report 2016. [Online].Available at: https://www.paladinenergy.com.au/sites/default/files/financial_report_file/17.02.14-dec-qtr-mda.pdf [Accessed on: 25 April 2017]. Woodside. 2017. Annual Report 2017. [Online].Available at: https://www.woodside.com.au/Investors-Media/announcements/Documents/01.03.2017%20Annual%20Report%202016.pdf [Accessed on: 25 April 2017]. Woodside. 2017. Corporate Governance 2016-17. [Online].Available at: https://www.woodside.com.au/Investors-Media/announcements/Documents/01.03.2017%20Corporate%20Governance%20Statement%202016.pdf [Accessed on: 25 April 2017]. Woodside. 2017. Sustainable Development 2017. [Online].Available at: https://www.woodside.com.au/Investors-Media/announcements/Documents/16.03.2017%202016%20Sustainable%20Development%20Report.pdf [Accessed on: 25 April 2017].

The Weary Blues free essay sample

The Weary Blues, Longboats Hughes describes an evening of listening to a blues musician in Harlem. The Wear Blues By: Longboats Hughes Droning a drowsy syncopated tune, Rocking back and forth to a mellow croon, I heard a Negro play. Down on Lenox Avenue the other night By the pale dull pallor of an old gas light He did a lazy sway . To the tune o those Weary Blues. With his ebony hands on each ivory key He made that poor piano moan with melody. O Blues: Swaying to and fro on his rickety stool He played that sad rag tune Like a musical fool. Sweet Blues!Coming from a black mans soul. O Blues! In a deep song voice with a melancholy tone I heard that Negro sing, that old piano moan-? Anti got nobody in all this world, Anti got nobody but ma self. Xis swine to quit ma frowning And put ma troubles on the shelf. The creation of art and literature would serve to empower the African Americans whose lives were affected significantly by the era of slavery and other racial discrimination. Harlem was the ultra centre of this African American revival where poets, musicians, writers and other artists expressed themselves through art. When It comes to the overall structure of the poem it Is noticeable that there Is no clear division of stanzas. Perhaps this is to reinforce the melodious flow of the blues music. The poem has a great sense of musicality. Throughout the poem there are references to the movement of the musician: Rocking back and forth (line 2), He did a lazy sway (lines 6-7), Swaying to and fro. .. (line 12). This lazy back and forth movement is reflected in the actual structure of the poem as the length and indentations of the lines and the pace at which they are to be read vary. In fact the whole poem borrows the rhythmic structure and improvisational rhythms from blues music. The many rhyming couplets and the rhyming triplet lend the poem a certain regularity whereas the interjections or cries such as O Blues', Sweet Blues', O Blues (lines 1 1, 14 and 16 respectively) are evidence of improvisation or irregularity often found in Jazz or blues music.Also, the inclusion of lyrics in lines 19-22 and 25-30 changes the flow and rhyme scheme of the poem and gives the poem more heartsickness of a blues song as these Interjections and lyrics are typical of blues music. Typically the blues originated as an expression of individual feeling, a personal statement of utter simplicity, perhaps consisting of a single line repeated and repeated again. An example of this can be found within lines 25-30: l got the Weary Blues Got the Weary Blues and And cant be satisfied And cant be satisfied.These lyrics are reminiscent of so-called one-verse songs which meant the entire song was based on the repetition of a single line. For field hands and holler, a lonely, rambling shout which would echo round the cotton fields. The holler had its roots in slavery time They were little more than a strident lament, in which every phrase was exploited purely for its sound qualities in the empty air. Another musical element of this poem is the use of syncopated rhythm. Syncopation is a type of rhythm. It is the shifting of accents and stress from what are normally strong beats to weak beats. Humiliation often involves playing one rhythm against another in such a way that listeners want to move, nod heads, clap or tap hands, or dance. An example of this syncopated rhythm is the following lines: Swaying to and fro on his rickety stool/ He played that sad rag tune like a musical fool. Sweet Blues! (lines 12-14) The inclusion of these typical features and of Blues music helps in lending the poem its musicality and therefore helps it achieve the same mood of a blues song, I. E. A lonely, lamenting, sorrowful mood.The first few lines set the scene of the blues musician singing and playing the piano somewhere on Lenox Avenue in Harlem. The setting is somewhat lonely, sad and cold: By the pale dull pallor of an old gas light (line 5). This setting further assists in articulating the themes of sorrow and hardship that the musician is expressing through his music. It is interesting to examine the first three lines in greater detail. It is unclear to whom the first 2 lines refer. Who is rocking back and forth to a mellow croon, the artist or the audience?This ambiguity can be interpreted to show the relationship between the singer and the audience, the dual effect of the music on the performer and on the listener. The singer is droning and swaying as he performs, but so is the audience as it listens Here, then, Hughes suggests that the blues offer a sort of communal experience, that they express the feelings of not only the artist, but the whole community. The blues therefore serves as a matrix for the articulation of personal and collective experience as the grief and suffering that the artist sings of is at once his own and that of the whole African American community.It is music that their people have created as an affirmation of their identity and dignity in the face of racism. The community therefore has a deep understanding of the music and feels it with Just as much emotion as the musician himself. The diction employed is another striking aspect of the poem and contributes greatly to the lamenting and sorrowful mood. Words such as drowsy, mellow and lazy (lines 1, 2 and 617 respectively) evoke a Jazzy atmosphere and perhaps even hint at how the poem should be read.Words such as croon, dull, Weary, sad, melancholy, moan found throughout the poem all highlight the theme of sadness and sorrow that the musician is expressing through his music. Following: In all forms of creative endeavourer, the discerning perceiver must be aware of what is missing, as well as what is present. This is why in poetry simplicity is paradoxically more complex than complexity This observation should be taken into consideration with regard to this poem and its subject matter. Blues music may seem naive and one-dimensional to some due to its simple diction and rhythm.What lies behind this music is on the other hand very complex and multi-dimensional; blues music carries a lot of political and historical weight as it is a means of expressing the sorrow and anguish experienced by an entire race. Even the countless repetitions found in Blues lyrics and the seemingly simple exclamations such as O Blues! (as discussed before) carry much weight as all the pain and suffering is distilled in these few words. The last few lines of the poem take on an even more somber and serious tone as there are two references to death: And I wish that I had died, (line 30) and He slept like a rock or a man thats dead. (line 35) These last lines describe how the night comes to an end and the singer stops singing and goes to bed with the Weary Blues (echoing) through his head (line 34). The musician is then said to have slept like a rock or a man thats dead. (line 35) which is perhaps indicative of how exhausting ND strenuous playing and singing the weary blues can be as the musician pours out his heart and soul into his music and therefore sleeps like a dead man. This could however be interpreted as somewhat more negative.Perhaps what these last few lines are saying is that life is futile and unavailing. Perhaps what is suggested here is that the blues act as a shelter or artistic escapism for the musician but when the music in which the artist tries to fight against his troubles and pain stops, he is left with nothing more than the harsh reality and the Weary Blues of everyday life (echo) wrought his head (line 34). Finally, it becomes clear that Longboats Hughes skillfully manages to weave the rhythm, feeling and mood of blues music into this poem.

Curtis Application Sample Essay

Curtis Application Sample EssayA lot of online applications contain a curriculum vitae (CV) in which they let you fill out for a free Curtis application sample essay. If you take time to read the Curtis CV sample carefully, you can know what to expect when you answer. The Curtis CV sample is created with the help of research on the online college courses offered by the company.Many times, the essays provided in the Curtis essay samples are what the future employee will write while taking the course. Since Curtis provides this opportunity, the company wants to get feedback from all of its clients to develop a curriculum vitae that would help any future employee write good quality essays. Therefore, it is a requirement of the contract that the CV samples should be able to help in answering the questions and points provided on the Curtis CV samples.For the online curriculum vitae, the Curtis CV sample essay also contains a section about the duties and responsibilities of the Curtis empl oyee. It explains what the curriculum vitae should look like and which kind of essay would be expected. This is because the curriculum vitae is used by Curtis to assess the performance of the staff member. As a result, if the Curtis employee could not write a Curtis curriculum vitae, the company would know that there was something wrong.One thing that makes the Curtis curriculum vitae sample essay different from other online courses is that it makes use of all of the Curtis post-its that are available. The idea is that if the Curtis post-its are completed correctly, the Curtis CV sample will be easy to understand. In other words, the Curtis CV sample essay gives you an idea about what to expect when writing the Curtis curriculum vitae.The Curtis CV sample also has a section on how to edit the Curtis curriculum vitae after the project has been completed. This means that you need to know how to properly complete it so that you would not have problems in the future. The editing is a pa rt of the procedure that is explained in the Curtis CV sample and is included for the benefit of the future employees.Another interesting part of the Curtis CV sample is that it talks about the hiring process. This is a part of the curriculum vitae that the company uses in order to select the best candidate for the job. Because of this, the company also provides the students a lot of information about the company and how the company works. The idea is that the students will become more knowledgeable on the company so that they would know what to expect when they take the next step to apply for the job.While the Curtis application sample does have the answers that you want to know, there are still things that you cannot figure out in a logical manner. This is the reason why a program such as the Curtis curriculum vitae sample is helpful. You can download the CV sample and immediately know the answers that you are looking for in order to prepare for the interview.This is why you shoul d be careful when looking for a curriculum vitae. The Curtis CV sample is not the best tool to get a good job but it can help you prepare. However, you still need to take the time to do your own research before you submit the Curtis application sample essay so that you would know how to answer the questions correctly.

Art Therapy With Women Who Have Suffered Domestic Violence

Roman Women essays

Roman Women essays The life of a Woman of Rome was filled with many traditions and rules, which were carried on generation after generation. Many say that Roman women were oppressed because they were not allowed to be an active part of society and politics. The book Roman Women by J.P.V.D. Balsdon gives, what I consider to be, an accurate and detailed account of a typical woman in Rome during the Roman Empire. Balsdon writes about the married women of Rome and the formidable ceremonies needed to perform a wedding. The children that soon came after marriage, which was in itself, another worry for women of the Roman culture. Rome also had its share, like most civilizations, of happy and unhappy marriages that women lived through. In addition, there were the less reputable women of Rome, the prostitutes and courtesans. And last, but not least, Balsdon gives a detailed account of a woman's daily life down to hairstyles, make-up, and jewelry. A woman's looks were very important in Rome. A woman revealed no more of her body than a nun does today. She usually wore the standard dress called a stola with light undergarments beneath this. It is a rather interesting fact that this style of dress did not change for three hundred years. Purple and gold, and a dark rose, scarlet, or amethyst were a few of the favored colors for the women of Rome. Women's hair arrangements often occupied a large portion of their time and were performed by a hairdresser. Younger women dressed their hair very simply by drawing it back into a knot at the back of the neck. Most hair was parted down the center and curled into waves, or styled with small ringlets. Make-up, an important part of a woman's beauty process, was only moderately applied unless the woman was a prostitute. Jewels, however, were sometimes lavishly applied. Opals, sapphires, emeralds, and diamonds were popular among the wealthy women. The amount of jewelry a woman wore signified her husband's we...

Textual Analysis of Los Vendidos Research Paper

Textual Analysis of Los Vendidos - Research Paper Example The drama revolves around stereotype and prejudice towards the Mexicans in America. The writer of the play, Valdez has used humor and entertainment most probably to shun affronting any race. Racism is a big issue and no one would like to be stigmatized or treated differently because of their race, color, religion or gender (Vogelmann 1-4). This play has served the purpose of making light with intention of making people understand racism and prejudice without intending to hurt anyone at the end (Mc Parland's 3). This is helped by the fact that it is a comedy play. There are several themes evident in this play and they are prejudice, racism, social injustice, social identity, Marxism and Hispanophobia. The Mexicans-Americans in this play faced challenges as they were discriminated against. The play humbled the audience instead of inciting confidence in those that were not victims in the play. As a representation of the American society at the time, theatre as a weapon is a term that co mes in several parts of the play. This play has been used to enlighten people on the various issues that encompass prejudice towards the Latin Americans. And it was and is not a small issue because it has been recognized over the years as a vice against the Mexican Americans that had taken toll over the years (Carl et al 13-16). Even the Mexican government mentioned it at one time and said that, â€Å" the government of Mexico, opposes any form of discrimination institutionalization or otherwise, as well as the new forms of discrimination, xenophobia and other forms of intolerance that emerged in several parts of the world , particularly in the developed countries†. The fact the play has one of the major themes as racism among the ethnic groups of American society is a clear indication that it is a vice that existed for a long time basing on the fact that it was written a very long time ago. The characters in the play have brought out this main theme. At the end of the play t he revolucionario states that robot Sancho â€Å"is the best model we got†. This indicates that the Mexicans are fed up of being discriminated and stereotyped against. The secretary in her description wants an American who is black and fits in all her other descriptions of being ‘hardworking’, ‘debonair’, ‘sophisticated’ and ‘American-made’. After just a short while of sampling the models she disregards them at says they do not meet her requirements. She refuses each of the models presented to her by finding flaws in each one of them. This points out how people are always so quick to judge and have objections so easily when they are prejudiced against someone. It is a common thing for people to form some sort of attitude when they hear an accent or see a skin color that is different from theirs giving them an impression that they do not belong., Most of the Mexicans who live in America are discriminated and become treated as second class citizens. An example in the play is by the farm worker who comes to America once a year. He is a migrant worker. â€Å"One plate of beans and tortillas will keep him going all day†. Pachuco is a Mexican gangster who is feared a great deal by the Americans. It is normal for any human to fear a harmful person but in Pachuco’s case this fear has been heightened because of his being a Mexican. Revoluncionario is the typical man in western movies that women want to be with, he is always drinking, rides over the plains

Individual Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individual Assignment - Essay Example People claim that this practice is as aged as men who began to trade and that it is and will continuously evolve as time lapses (Poullaos 2009). Performing a thorough examination of the past facets and bringing it juxtapose the present conditions of accounting, one can deduce significant transformation in numerous aspect. In this report, the focuses of the course of discussion are the accustomed application of the complex process of accounting and the distinctness of its practice over the country of Poland. As a conclusion, there will be a culmination of the present predicaments and reality of accounting in the selected region, the road with which has lead to that and the possible expectations of the changes to come. 2.0 Poland’s Accounting System As with all systems, there is a wide variety of definite influences and factors in accounting that serves an important purpose and gives rise to the fulfillment of certain functions. To gain a comprehensive knowledge of these importa nt factors, an individual must first probe into the past of the subject and consider the historical occurrences and circumstances that molded the topic into what it is at the present. According to related literature, accounting had many influences from the country of Poland. ... The accounting theory that originated from their region gave rise to an argument as to should have been declared as the rightful creator of the significant contribution. This is an argument unsettled until the present day (Mattessich 2008). The country of Poland had no established organizations for accounting until the year of 1907 and will not resume progressive activity until the entry of the year 1930 because of the contemporary World War II (McGee 2008). Nevertheless, positioned in the midst of the absence of autonomy and disposed under the ruling of foreign countries—Russia, Prussia and Austria, the termination of the 19th century and the commencement of the 20th century was the indication of the Polish advancement in the textile, mechanical, chemical, mining as well as craft industry. As a consequence, so too shall accounting advance in their country. 3.0 Influences to Poland’s Accounting System 3.1 History of Poland’s Accounting System One of the superior and significant pillars of the country’s system of development of the accounting profession is Marcel Scheffs who became most popular from the year of 1936 to 1939.He was known for his belief of accounting as a science and not just a mere functional trade or an effective operative strategy widely used in the maintenance of a business and the growth of economy. Scheffs employed and connected various major studies such as the supremacy of philosophical perspectives as well as political principles to improve the accounting system in Poland (Mattessich 2008). As the year of 1950 approached, the people of Poland were to employ the Uniform Chart of Accounts. This was primarily used for its structure which adopted